Vertebrate Responses against Arthropod Salivary Proteins and Their Therapeutic Potential

Olajiga, Olayinka; Holguin-Rocha, Andres F; Rippee-Brooks, Meagan; Eppler, M; Harris, Shanice L.; Londoño-Rentería, Berlin

doi:10.3390/vaccines9040347

Cited by 6 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 90 publications

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“…Furthermore, people who live in endemic areas of DENV and ZIKV with active transmission have antibodies against mosquito salivary proteins [35,36]. Pre-existing antibody responses against mosquito salivary proteins have been proposed as a potential vaccine for vectorborne diseases [19,21,39]. However, in some cases, the presence of antibodies against SGE can favor the virus transmission modulating the host immune response [40,41].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Multiple Salivary Proteins from Aedes aegypti Mosquito Bind to the Zika Virus Envelope Protein

Valenzuela-León

Shrivastava

Martín-Martín

et al. 2022

Viruses

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Aedes aegypti mosquitoes are important vectors of several debilitating and deadly arthropod-borne (arbo) viruses, including Yellow Fever virus, Dengue virus, West Nile virus and Zika virus (ZIKV). Arbovirus transmission occurs when an infected mosquito probes the host’s skin in search of a blood meal. Salivary proteins from mosquitoes help to acquire blood and have also been shown to enhance pathogen transmission in vivo and in vitro. Here, we evaluated the interaction of mosquito salivary proteins with ZIKV by surface plasmon resonance and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. We found that three salivary proteins AAEL000793, AAEL007420, and AAEL006347 bind to the envelope protein of ZIKV with nanomolar affinities. Similar results were obtained using virus-like particles in binding assays. These interactions have no effect on viral replication in cultured endothelial cells and keratinocytes. Additionally, we found detectable antibody levels in ZIKV and DENV serum samples against the recombinant proteins that interact with ZIKV. These results highlight complex interactions between viruses, salivary proteins and antibodies that could be present during viral transmissions.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Multiple Salivary Proteins from Aedes aegypti Mosquito Bind to the Zika Virus Envelope Protein

Valenzuela-León

Shrivastava

Martín-Martín

et al. 2022

Viruses

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“…Scientists have developed drugs and vaccines that have greatly reduced the prevalence and even eradicated certain diseases, such as smallpox. However, vaccines have been successfully developed only for very few vector-borne diseases, such as yellow fever, dengue and Japanese encephalitis (Olajiga et al ., 2021 ). There are current initiatives to develop and/or improve vaccines for other important human vector-borne diseases, such as leishmania and malaria (Lage et al ., 2020 ; Datoo et al ., 2021 ), but major advances have been few and far between.…”

Section: Integrating Selection Across the Host–vector–pathogen Triadmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evolutionary consequences of vector-borne transmission: how using vectors shapes host, vector and pathogen evolution

Dutra

Poulin²,

Ferreira³

2022

Parasitology

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Transmission mode is a key factor that influences host–parasite coevolution. Vector-borne pathogens are among the most important disease agents for humans and wildlife due to their broad distribution, high diversity, prevalence and lethality. They comprise some of the most important and widespread human pathogens, such as yellow fever, leishmania and malaria. Vector-borne parasites (in this review, those transmitted by blood-feeding Diptera) follow unique transmission routes towards their vertebrate hosts. Consequently, each part of this tri-partite (i.e. parasite, vector and host) interaction can influence co- and counter-evolutionary pressures among antagonists. This mode of transmission may favour the evolution of greater virulence to the vertebrate host; however, pathogen–vector interactions can also have a broad spectrum of fitness costs to the insect vector. To complete their life cycle, vector-borne pathogens must overcome immune responses from 2 unrelated organisms, since they can activate responses in both vertebrate and invertebrate hosts, possibly creating a trade-off between investments against both types of immunity. Here, we assess how dipteran vector-borne transmission shapes the evolution of hosts, vectors and the pathogens themselves. Hosts, vectors and pathogens co-evolve together in a constant antagonistic arms race with each participant's primary goal being to maximize its performance and fitness.

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“…Anti-hemostasis components hinder hemostasis such as blood clotting and platelet aggregation evolving vasodilatation to keep the blood flowing during blood feeding [8,10]. Immunomodulatory components can modulate immune response in host contributing to enhancement of virus transmission in host [11,12]. Immunomodulatory components in mosquito saliva can alter the Th1 to Th2 immune response.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…aegypti. It implies that immunomodulatory components are potential candidates for dengue vaccine development [8,12]. Previous study identified 56 kDa and 31 kDa immunogenic proteins in the salivary of Ae.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Humoral Immune Response (IgG) of BALB/c Mice (Mus musculus) Post-injection by 56 kDa Immunogenic Protein Extract from the Salivary Glands of Aedes aegypti L.

Aisyah¹,

Oktarianti²,

Senjarini³

et al. 2022

Proceedings of the 4th International Conference on Life Sciences and Biotechnology (ICOLIB 2021)

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The primary mosquito vector of dengue virus is Ae. aegypti, and dengue virus transmitted by saliva mosquito's during blood feeding. The saliva composed of numerous proteins with capacity to disrupt hemostasis or modulate the host immune response. The previous study identified two immunogenic proteins in the salivary glands of Ae. aegypti i.e. 56 kDa and 31 kDa. However, the mechanism of host's humoral immune response (IgG) against the 56 kDa immunogenic protein is not known. Therefore, this study was conducted to observe the mice strain BALB C immune response (IgG) against the 56 kDa. The mice were divided into three groups of injection treatments, particularly Group-A (Tris-Cl 0.05M), Group-B (adjuvant), and Group-C (56 kDa immunogenic protein 0.1 μg/μL + adjuvant). Injection was done every two weeks in total six weeks of treatment. The IgG level was measured every two weeks using ELISA method. The study results exhibited the Group-C had higher IgG level than Group-A and Group-B. The IgG level of Group-C gradually increased along the increasing of 56 kDa protein exposures, meanwhile the IgG level of Group-A and Group-B tended to be steady before and after treatment. These results suggested that repeated exposure of 56 kDa immunogenic protein elevated the humoral immune response (IgG) in host.

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Vertebrate Responses against Arthropod Salivary Proteins and Their Therapeutic Potential

Cited by 6 publications

References 90 publications

Multiple Salivary Proteins from Aedes aegypti Mosquito Bind to the Zika Virus Envelope Protein

Multiple Salivary Proteins from Aedes aegypti Mosquito Bind to the Zika Virus Envelope Protein

Evolutionary consequences of vector-borne transmission: how using vectors shapes host, vector and pathogen evolution

Humoral Immune Response (IgG) of BALB/c Mice (Mus musculus) Post-injection by 56 kDa Immunogenic Protein Extract from the Salivary Glands of Aedes aegypti L.

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