Vertical Bridgman growth and optical characterization of LiNbO3:Cu:Ce crystals

Two-color nonvolatile holographic recording in Bridgman-grown Ru:LiNbO3 crystals

“…It was found that the l edge decreased along the growth direction, and was 363.5, 350.5 and 347.0 nm for the asgrown samples #1, #2 and #3 at a ¼ 35 cm À1 , respectively. It was different from the results observed in the Bridgmangrown LiNbO 3 along the growth direction [15]. This might be ascribed to the fact that the effective segregation coefficient of Ru in LiNbO 3 is larger than one [14] and that RuO 2 evaporated slightly during the Bridgman growth process.…”

“…The Ru:LiNbO 3 crystal was grown by the vertical Bridgman method [15] from the congruent melt of Li 2 O:Nb 2 O 5 ¼ 48.6:51.4 (mol%) doped with RuO 2 . The raw materials were prepared from high-purity Li 2 CO 3 (5 N) and Nb 2 O 5 (4 N) powders and sintered at 950 1C for 5 h for de-carbonization.…”

“…The light-induced scattering of the same X-cut as-grown Ru:LiNbO 3 crystal sample was investigated by using the similar optical setup reported in Ref. [15]. A red laser beam at 632.8 nm was focused in the crystal and then passed through a diaphragm (2 mm diameter) that was used to block the scattered light.…”

Single domain structure and two-color holographic recording in LiNbO3:Cu:Ce crystals grown by the vertical Bridgman method

“…A CZ-grown multi-domain undoped CLN seed crystal of about +5 mm  60 mm was orientated along the z-axis (c-axis) and put inside the tail. The growth experiment was carried out in a VB furnace with three resistance-heating zones [15]. The crucible was put in a ceramic cylinder which was filled with refractory material.…”

“…The domain structure was similar with the crystal grown by CZ method. Recently, the growth of both undoped and doped LiNbO 3 crystals were reported [14,15], but the domain structures were not reported. In this paper, we study the domain structure of both the unpoled seed and as-grown LiNbO 3 :Cu:Ce crystals obtained by the VB method, and further check it by performing two-color holographic recording experiment on the as-grown crystal samples.…”