Vertical Land Motion From Present‐Day Deglaciation in the Wider Arctic

Ludwigsen, Carsten Ankjær; Khan, Shfaqat Abbas; Andersen, Ole; Marzeion, Ben

doi:10.1029/2020gl088144

Cited by 14 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 82 publications

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“…All the altimetry dataset show a median of the trends that is about 0.2 mm/yr lower than in the TG records. We acknowledge that the nonlinear elastic uplift from present day deglaciation, which is not taken in consideration by the GIA model, may affect the bias, although GIA has been shown to be the dominating source of vertical deformation in the region (Ludwigsen et al, 2020).…”

Section: Absolute Sea Level Trendsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In the Baltic Sea (BS), satellite observations are particularly important given that the network of tide gauge (TG)s, which measures relative SL, is strongly affected by Vertical Land Motion (VLM) and, in particular, due to the Glacial Isostatic Adjustment (GIA) (Ludwigsen et al, 2020). For example, relative SL trends in the northern part of the BS over the last few decades have been shown to be strongly negative, while absolute SL trends display significant positive trends (Olivieri and Spada, 2016;Madsen et al, 2019).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Absolute Baltic Sea Level Trends in the Satellite Altimetry Era: A Revisit

Passaro¹,

Müller²,

Oelsmann³

et al. 2021

Front. Mar. Sci.

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The absolute sea level trend from May 1995 to May 2019 in the Baltic Sea is analyzed by means of a regional monthly gridded dataset based on a dedicated processing of satellite altimetry data. In addition, we evaluate the role of the North Atlantic Oscillation and the wind patterns in shaping differences in sea level trend and variability at a sub-basin scale. To compile the altimetry dataset, we use information collected in coastal areas and from leads within sea-ice. The dataset is validated by comparison with tide gauges and the available global gridded altimetry products. The agreement between trends computed from satellite altimetry and tide gauges improves by 9%. The rise in sea level is statistically significant in the entire region of study and higher in winter than in summer. A gradient of over 3 mm/yr in sea level rise is observed, with the north and east of the basin rising more than the south-west. Part of this gradient (about 1 mm/yr) is directly explained by a regression analysis of the wind contribution on the sea level time series. A sub-basin analysis comparing the northernmost part (Bay of Bothnia) with the south-west reveals that the differences in winter sea level anomalies are related to different phases of the North-Atlantic Oscillation (0.71 correlation coefficient). Sea level anomalies are higher in the Bay of Bothnia when winter wind forcing pushes waters through Ekman transport from the south-west toward east and north. The study also demonstrates the maturity of enhanced satellite altimetry products to support local sea level studies in areas characterized by complex coastlines or sea-ice coverage. The processing chain used in this study can be exported to other regions, in particular to test the applicability in regions affected by larger ocean tides.

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Section: Absolute Sea Level Trendsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Absolute Baltic Sea Level Trends in the Satellite Altimetry Era: A Revisit

Passaro¹,

Müller²,

Oelsmann³

et al. 2021

Front. Mar. Sci.

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“…Tangential motion also varies dramatically, reaching peak rates of 0.45 mm/yr in northernmost regions and magnitudes of 0.2-0.3 mm/yr across large sections of North America and Europe in 2012, as compared to rates of  E 0.1 mm/yr across both continents in years of low mass loss. We note that for both high and low mass loss years, predicted horizontal motions across most of Canada and parts of Europe exceed the predicted vertical motions that have been a focus of recent geophysical literature (Frederikse et al, 2019;Ludwigsen et al, 2020;Riva et al, 2017).…”

Section: Greenlandmentioning

confidence: 57%

The Global Fingerprint of Modern Ice‐Mass Loss on 3‐D Crustal Motion

Coulson

Lubeck

Mitrovica

et al. 2021

Geophysical Research Letters

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The global rate of ice-mass loss has increased dramatically since the turn of the century, with loss of grounded ice from the Antarctic Ice Sheet (AIS), the Greenland Ice Sheet (GrIS) and mountain glaciers increasing by 60% through the 2010s relative to the previous decade (Slater et al., 2020). In addition to being a key contributor to the recent acceleration of global mean sea-level rise (Church et al., 2013) and regional variability in sea-level change (Hay et al., 2015;Mitrovica et al., 2001;Tamisiea et al., 2003), this redistribution of mass between continents and oceans results in significant and time-varying crustal deformation. With the advent and improvement of relatively low-cost Global Navigational Satellite System (GNSS) surveying, it was quickly recognized that geodetic measurements of crustal uplift in the vicinity of ice-mass loss could be an important tool in efforts to monitor the mass balance of ice sheets and glaciers in a progressively warming planet (Hager, 1991).Following the suggestion of Hager (1991), an extensive body of literature has developed involving the collection and/or analysis of crustal deformation rate measurements at sites proximal to ice sheets (e.g., Bar-

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“…For the Baltic Sea, the contribution of deceleration of GIA to the acceleration of RSL was rather small, and GIA alone can not fully explain the acceleration of RLS in the past century (Hünicke and Zorita, 2016). We only consider GIA in our local dataset, while factors judged to have a significant influence on SLR in the future will be further updated when they become available, e.g., the component of nonlinear elastic uplift from present-day ice loading (Ludwigsen et al, 2020).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Adapting to climate change, especially to sea level rise (SLR), in the coastal region is an ongoing challenge for policy-makers now and into the future (Moser and Ekstrom, 2010). Policy-makers are struggling to keep on-top of fast growing, up-to-date scientific data, such as global mean sea level (GMSL) projections from global climate models (Slangen et al, 2017), new land topography and elevation data (key to translate SLR into potential exposure of population, Kulp and Strauss, 2019;Ludwigsen et al, 2020), new economic assessments of coastal flooding damage (Jevrejeva et al, 2018;Prahl et al, 2018;Vousdoukas et al, 2018a), and information on extreme sea level (Woodworth et al, 2016). The concept of "climate service", aiming to provide sciencebased information and advice for local adaptation decisions, was established to facilitate decision-making on climate mitigation and adaptation strategies (Hewitt et al, 2012;Swart et al, 2017;Hinkel et al, 2019).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sea Level Projections From IPCC Special Report on the Ocean and Cryosphere Call for a New Climate Adaptation Strategy in the Skagerrak-Kattegat Seas

Andrée

Nielsen

et al. 2021

Front. Mar. Sci.

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Denmark has a long, complex coastline, connecting the North Sea in the west to the semi-enclosed Baltic Sea in the east, via the Skagerrak-Kattegat Seas. Historical sea level records indicate that relative sea level (RSL) has been increasing along the Danish North Sea coast, south of Skagerrak, following the global mean sea level (GMSL) rise. In the central Skagerrak-Kattegat Seas, RSL rise has been practically absent, due to the GMSL rise being off-set by the Fennoscandian post-glacial land-uplift. The new IPCC Special Report on the Ocean and Cryosphere in a Changing Climate (SROCC) reported that under RCP8.5 GMSL will increase more than the previous estimates in the IPCC Fifth Assessment Report (AR5) at the end of twenty-first century due to Antarctic ice sheet dynamics. We performed a regionalization of the SROCC sea level projections for the “Danish Climate Atlas” dataset, a nation-wide climate adaptation dataset based on IPCC and various national and international databases. In these complementary datasets, important local data have been considered, which have not been included in the IPCC SROCC GMSL rise estimates, i.e., more precise national-wide land-rise prediction and sets of sea level fingerprints. Our results indicate that sea level projections under RCP8.5 results in a > 40 cm RSL rise at the end of the twenty-first century in the Skagerrak-Kattegat Seas, which might call for a new adaptation strategy in this region. The rate of mean sea level rise will exceed the rate of the land-rise earlier than the previous estimates by AR5 under the RCP8.5 scenario. In particular, we stress how these new estimates will affect future extreme sea levels in this region. Based on our results, we suggest this more recent GMSL projection needs to be considered in coastal risk assessments in the Skagerrak-Kattegat Seas also in this century.

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Vertical Land Motion From Present‐Day Deglaciation in the Wider Arctic

Cited by 14 publications

References 82 publications

Absolute Baltic Sea Level Trends in the Satellite Altimetry Era: A Revisit

Absolute Baltic Sea Level Trends in the Satellite Altimetry Era: A Revisit

The Global Fingerprint of Modern Ice‐Mass Loss on 3‐D Crustal Motion

Sea Level Projections From IPCC Special Report on the Ocean and Cryosphere Call for a New Climate Adaptation Strategy in the Skagerrak-Kattegat Seas

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