2010
DOI: 10.1029/2009jd013380
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Vertical profiling of tropical precipitation using passive microwave observations and its implications regarding the crash of Air France 447

Abstract: [1] In a recent study by Haddad and Park (2009), a method was proposed to use colocated simultaneous observations by the space-borne Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission (TRMM) precipitation radar and microwave imager to train the microwave radiometer to retrieve vertical profiles of precipitation in the absence of radar observations. This radar-trained passive-microwave approach was developed for midlatitude precipitation regimes, where it was found that the inhomogeneity of the rain within the radiometer fiel… Show more

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Cited by 7 publications
(4 citation statements)
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“…This is very much in line with the scattering index concept first proposed by Grody [], which produced a combination of 89 GHz, 22 GHz, and 19 GHz which acts similar to a smallest eigenvalue principal component which varies the least in clear and, therefore, whose departures from the mean can be used to quantify the condensed water. The methodology was further developed in Haddad and Park [, ] for the case of window‐channel observations from TRMM, using the central portion of the radiometer swath where coincident nearly simultaneous radar observations are systematically available from TRMM‐PR [see also Petty , ; Petty and Li , ]. In the case of our millimeter‐wave radiances, the “clear” principal component analysis shows that the four combinations with lower clear‐air eigenvalues are T2=0.086T89+0.357T157+0.542T184+0.538T186+0.531T190T3=0.305T89+0.75T1570.535T1840.174T186+0.169T190T4=0.131T890.423T1570.602T184+0.349T186+0.565T190T5=0.025T890.132T157+0.236T1840.756T186+0.608T190 We then transform every “rainy” T b quintuple into its corresponding quadruple T, and we perform a principal component analysis on the resulting …”
Section: Nearly Simultaneous Coincidences Of the Mhs Sounder With Trmmentioning
confidence: 99%
See 1 more Smart Citation
“…This is very much in line with the scattering index concept first proposed by Grody [], which produced a combination of 89 GHz, 22 GHz, and 19 GHz which acts similar to a smallest eigenvalue principal component which varies the least in clear and, therefore, whose departures from the mean can be used to quantify the condensed water. The methodology was further developed in Haddad and Park [, ] for the case of window‐channel observations from TRMM, using the central portion of the radiometer swath where coincident nearly simultaneous radar observations are systematically available from TRMM‐PR [see also Petty , ; Petty and Li , ]. In the case of our millimeter‐wave radiances, the “clear” principal component analysis shows that the four combinations with lower clear‐air eigenvalues are T2=0.086T89+0.357T157+0.542T184+0.538T186+0.531T190T3=0.305T89+0.75T1570.535T1840.174T186+0.169T190T4=0.131T890.423T1570.602T184+0.349T186+0.565T190T5=0.025T890.132T157+0.236T1840.756T186+0.608T190 We then transform every “rainy” T b quintuple into its corresponding quadruple T, and we perform a principal component analysis on the resulting …”
Section: Nearly Simultaneous Coincidences Of the Mhs Sounder With Trmmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Indeed, one can use the coincident database to estimate any of the radar‐derived geophysical quantities. Figure shows the estimates of the conditional mean of the top of the condensation that exceeds a nominal detection threshold, as was done for the case of AF 447 [ Haddad and Park , ], in this case the highest altitude in the column where the water content exceeds approximately 0.05 g/m 3 . The corresponding RMS uncertainty (given by the conditional standard deviation) depends on the estimated height, with values mostly around 900 m (Figure , right).…”
Section: Semiempirical (Forward) Observation Operator For Mhsmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…In particular, mountain waves and thunderstorms can generate conditions that may lead to fatal accidents [6][7][8]. In this context, the variation of the wind speed in the flights direction and the wind vertical shear associated with convective phenomena are crucial in producing lift, hence a serious safety concern.…”
Section: Introductionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Although the direct causes of accidents are most commonly related to human error, weather is often a primary contributing factor for aviation accidents (Helmreich 1997;Kulesa 2003). A number of weather phenomena, such as mountain waves and thunderstorms, have been shown to produce hazardous circumstances that may lead to fatal aircraft accidents (Wurtele 1970;Fujita and Byers 1977;Wilson et al 1984;Smith 1986;Haddad and Park 2010;Keller et al 2015). In particular, weather-induced intense rainfall, high wind shear or strong downdrafts at low altitudes near airports can significantly affect the aircraft takeoff/landing safety (Kessler 1985).…”
Section: Introductionmentioning
confidence: 99%