Vessels, risks, and rules: Planning for safe shipping in Bering Strait

Huntington, Henry P.; Daniel, Raychelle; Hartsig, Andrew; Harun, Kevin; Heiman, Marilyn; Meehan, Rosa; Noongwook, George; Pearson, Leslie; Prior-Parks, Melissa; Robards, Martin D.; Stetson, George

doi:10.1016/j.marpol.2014.07.027

Cited by 102 publications

(50 citation statements)

References 29 publications

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“…Ship traffic has been increasing in the Arctic (Pizzolato et al 2016), and many shipping routes through the Arctic that are not currently viable could be viable by 2050 if the current trend in sea-ice loss continues (Stephenson et al 2011). Increased ship traffic not only represents a direct threat to marine mammals via ship strikes but also a threat from increased noise pollution and increased risk of other types of pollution such as oil spills (Huntington et al 2015). Understanding the distribution of marine mammals (and other animals) in the Arctic before drastic changes in shipping traffic occur and as ice conditions continue to change should be a priority for wildlife managers.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Seasonal patterns in acoustic detections of marine mammals near Sachs Harbour, Northwest Territories

et al. 2017

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The Arctic is changing rapidly, leading to changes in habitat availability and increased anthropogenic disturbance. Information on the distribution of animals is needed as these changes occur. We examine seasonal presence of marine mammals in the western Canadian Arctic near Sachs Harbour, Northwest Territories, using passive acoustic monitoring between 2015 and 2016. We also examined the influence of environmental variables (ice concentration and distance, wind speed) on the presence of these species. Both bowhead whales (Balaena mysticetus) and beluga whales (Delphinapterus leucas) arrived in late April, and belugas departed in mid-August, while bowheads departed in late October. Bearded seal (Erignathus barbatus) vocalizations began in October, peaked from April through June, and stopped in early July. Ringed seals (Pusa hispida) vocalized occasionally in all months, but were generally quiet. Whales migrated in as the ice broke up and migrated out before ice formed in the autumn. Bearded seals started vocalizing as ice formed and stopped once ice was almost gone. Given the importance of sea ice to the timing of migration of whales and vocalization by bearded seals, the trends that we present here may change in the future due to the increasing ice-free season caused by climate change. Our study therefore serves as a baseline with which to monitor future change.Key words: climate change, conservation, passive acoustic monitoring, sea ice.Résumé : L'Arctique change rapidement, menant à des changements dans la disponibilité des habitats et l'augmentation des perturbations anthropiques. Les informations sur la répartition des animaux sont nécessaires à mesure que ces changements surviennent. Nous examinons la présence saisonnière de mammifères marins dans l'ouest de l'Arctique canadien près du havre Sachs, dans les Territoires du Nord-Ouest, en faisant de la surveillance acoustique passive entre 2015 et 2016. Nous avons aussi examiné les effets des variables environnementales (la concentration et la distance de la glace, la vitesse des vents) sur la présence de ces espèces. Tant les baleines boréales (Balaena mysticetus) que les bélugas (Delphinapterus leucas) sont arrivés à la fin avril et les bélugas sont repartis à la miaoût, tandis que les baleines boréales sont reparties à la fin octobre. Les vocalisations de phoques barbus (Erignathus barbatus) ont commencé en octobre, ont atteint un niveau maximal d'avril à juin et se sont arrêtées début juillet. Bien qu'ils aient été généralement silencieux, les phoques annelés (Pusa hispida) ont vocalisé de temps à autre au cours de tous les mois. Les baleines ont migré dans la région lorsque la glace s'est dispersée et ont migré hors

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Seasonal patterns in acoustic detections of marine mammals near Sachs Harbour, Northwest Territories

et al. 2017

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“…Accurate ice extent information would serve not only coastal communities using ice as a platform but also commercial stakeholders interested in ice avoidance. In fact, the study area is of key concern in the context of increased Arctic shipping activities (Huntington et al 2015) and we view input from local and indigenous observers as critical in maximizing hazard detection to support increased vessel traffic through the Bering Strait region.…”

Section: Community-scale Guidance Through the Eyes Of A Forecastermentioning

confidence: 99%

Broadening the sea-ice forecaster toolbox with community observations: A case study from the northern Bering Sea

et al. 2017

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Impacts of a warming climate are amplified in the Arctic. One notorious impact is recent and record-breaking summertime sea-ice loss. Expanding areas of open water and a prolonged ice-free season create opportunity for some industries but challenge indigenous peoples relying on sea ice for transportation and access to food. The observed and projected increase of Arctic maritime activity requires accurate sea-ice forecasts to protect life, environment, and property. Motivated by emerging prediction needs on the operational timescale (≤10 days), this study explores where local indigenous knowledge (LIK) fits into the forecaster toolbox and how it can be woven into useful sea-ice information products. The 2011 spring ice retreat season in the Bering Sea is presented as a forecasting case study. LIK, housed in a database of community-based ice and weather logs, and an ice-ocean forecast model developed by the US Navy are analyzed for their ability to provide information relevant to stakeholder needs. Additionally, metrics for verifying numerical sea-ice forecasts on multiple scales are derived. The model exhibits skill relative to persistence and climatology on the regional scale. At the community scale, we discuss how LIK and new model guidance can enhance public sea-ice information resources.Key words: sea ice, forecasting, Bering Sea, indigenous knowledge, community observations, operations.Résumé : Les impacts du réchauffement climatique sont amplifiés en Arctique. Un impact certain est la récente perte record de glace de mer en été. L'expansion des zones d'eau libre et une saison sans glace prolongée créent des occasions pour quelques industries, mais constituent un défi pour les peuples autochtones qui comptent sur la glace de mer pour le transport et l'accès à la nourriture. L'augmentation observée et projetée de l'activité maritime arctique nécessite des prévisions de glace de mer précises afin de protéger la vie, l'environnement et la propriété. Cette étude, motivée par de nouveaux besoins de prédiction sur une échelle de temps opérationnelle (≤10 jours), explore à savoir à quel niveau la connaissance indigène locale (CIL) peut s'insérer dans la boîte à outils des prévisionnistes et comment cette connaissance peut être intégrée dans des produits servant d'information sur la glace de mer. La saison de recul des glaces au printemps

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“…В ра-боте [12] представлены приложения Ship Performance Optimisation System и Bon Voyage System. В работах [15] - [20] рассмотрены основные подходы к построению моделей подобных систем, приведены критерии, учитывающие безопасность движения судна по маршруту в заданной аква-тории моря.…”

Section: системы маршрутизацииunclassified

“…Норвежская компания Jeppesen (http://ww1. jeppesen.com), являющаяся морским подразделением компании Boeing, предлагает ряд продук-тов для оптимизации управления флотом компании и отдельными судами [15] - [17]. В частно-сти, в качестве основного продукта система Commercial Marine Vessel Routing предлагает услуги по маршрутизации морских судов за счет точного моделирования движения судна с учетом окру-жающей обстановки (рис.…”

Section: рис 6 различные режимы системы Sposunclassified

Overview Features and Perspectives of Modern Automated Ship Route Planning Systems

Akmaykin¹,

Khomenko²,

Klueva³

2017

Vestnik GUMRF imeni admirala S. O. Makarova

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Vessels, risks, and rules: Planning for safe shipping in Bering Strait

Cited by 102 publications

References 29 publications

Seasonal patterns in acoustic detections of marine mammals near Sachs Harbour, Northwest Territories

Seasonal patterns in acoustic detections of marine mammals near Sachs Harbour, Northwest Territories

Broadening the sea-ice forecaster toolbox with community observations: A case study from the northern Bering Sea

Overview Features and Perspectives of Modern Automated Ship Route Planning Systems

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