Veterinary issues related to bears (Ursidae)

Bourne, D. C.; Cracknell, Jonathan; Bacon, Heather

doi:10.1111/j.1748-1090.2009.00097.x

Cited by 69 publications

(40 citation statements)

References 47 publications

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“…The space can either be from trauma like a tooth fracture, displacement or surface abrasion or can simply be from conformation (Legendre, 2002, Cheo et al, 1948, Penzhorn, 1984. PD is regarded as either a predisposing factor or a secondary issue (Bourne et al, 2010, Cheo et al, 1948, Madden and Caton, 1994. PD in rodents is regarded as secondary to displaced teeth when containing food debris (Legendre, 2002).…”

Section: Food Compactionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In many species the requirements for mimicking the natural diet is very difficult and this can lead to oral health problems (Ellis and Wildt, 1998, Wildt et al, 2006, Bourne et al, 2010. In a study on the critically endangered Red Pandas (Ailurus fulgens) in 69 worldwide zoos 10% of the pandas had dental disease.…”

Section: This Research Was Performed To Analysis the Periodontal Healmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Gingivitis occurred in 61% of the captive population, it was reported as generally a mild condition equally dispersed throughout both jaws. Dental disease has been identified as linked to systemic diseases in animals (Bourne et al, 2010, Haberstroh et al, 1984. Spontaneous bleeding which occurred in the captive colonies often showed underlying presence of lymphatic neoplastic disease.…”

Section: 5mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Oral health in South East Queensland Koalas: Prevalence of periodontal disease and other pathologies

Pettett¹

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The koala (Phascolarctos cinereus) is one of Australia's most highly specialised folivores with a diet exclusively of eucalyptus leaves to provide all nutritive needs. For this it is dependent on good dentition for optimal health and quality of life. The purpose of this study was to characterise and describe the level of oral health and disease in koalas and then create tools for ongoing analysis.The historical records over a 17-year period were noted for the koalas admitted to the Moggill Koala Hospital in South East Queensland. Further, in this study the conclusions were that oral health issues when they existed were only being identified as "low key" due to the lack of investigative tools being used during examinations. This provided the reasoning and impetus behind developing tools to determine the true extent of oral health conditions in the koala. A suitable assessment tool for diagnosing the oral health was designed based on the index scoring methodology and the layout of the Moggill Koala Hospital admission chart, a new oral health chart template was developed. The chart was based on examination of 30 "free-range koalas" and validation and quality assurance analysis of four examiners of varying qualifications. The chart was separated into three sections; containing general animal information such as sex, age, and current systemic health; the General Oral Cavity section and containing information on 12 koala-specific health questions and finally a section on the periodontal health. The charting data is multifunctional with analysis of individual koalas, (sex, group or age). The data from each section provided an index value that was compatible with values from other species clinical charting systems.Using the chart, populations of 200 "free-range" and 95 captive koalas (from three zoos) were examined. Three major indexes were developed during the chart development process and used the following equation; General Oral Cavity (GOCI) + Oral Health Index (OHI) = Final Oral Health Index (FOHI). Initially, the three major index values plus all additional information of each chart were analysed to show the current baseline values of oral health conditions in the koala. Any ii comparison based on singular or multiple animals would either show a decline, same rate or increase from the baseline. These baseline parameters could be compared against any other species that uses the same 0-3 index system.The proportion of koalas from the whole population with an orally related problem was 86%.The average FOHI for the koala as a species was 3.78 ± 3.19, median 3.00. This is the mild category and held 84.5% of all cases. The maximum scores for the groups showed Zoo 3 as having lower range (Zoo 1; 11.42 for a TWC 1 male, Zoo 2; 13.40, Zoo 3; 4.13 and "free-range"; 15.98). The third zoo was the only group to have also had significantly better oral health than "free-range" koalas.Captive koalas showed high scoring at young age (11.42), the "free-range" comparable age score was 3.84. At population level when controlli...

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Section: Food Compactionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: This Research Was Performed To Analysis the Periodontal Healmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: 5mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Oral health in South East Queensland Koalas: Prevalence of periodontal disease and other pathologies

Pettett¹

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“…A wide range of infectious and non-infectious diseases are documented in the brown bear (Ursus arctos) (Bourne et al, 2010). Dental disease, degenerative joint disease and neoplasia appear to be the most significant non-infectious diseases of bears in captivity.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The cervical vertebral degenerative disc disease and membranous glomerulonephritis were likely age-associated changes and were considered incidental findings. Degenerative joint disease is a significant disorder in aged captive bears, with a relatively high incidence (Bourne et al, 2010).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Disseminated Pleomorphic Myofibrosarcoma in a Grizzly Bear (Ursus arctos horribilis)

Mete¹,

Woods²,

Famini

et al. 2012

Journal of Comparative Pathology

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Salmon poisoning disease in grizzly bears with population recovery implications

et al. 2018

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Wildlife restoration programs depend on having animals that have evolved to handle the constraints, including disease, posed by the new environment. Grizzly bears (Ursus arctos horribilis) once thrived while feeding on salmon (Onchorhynchus spp.) and other foods in California, Oregon, Washington, and Idaho, USA. Unlike Canadian and Alaskan salmon, salmon in lower latitudes often carry an encysted fluke (Nanophyetus salmincola) containing an endosymbiont (Neorickettsia spp.) that can produce a deadly disease in ursids and canids called salmon poisoning disease (SPD). Current recovery plans for grizzly bears in the North Cascades of Washington and the mountains of central Idaho, where infected salmon currently occur, call for using bears from several interior populations. We hypothesized that such bears with no history of salmon consumption will be sensitive to SPD. To test that idea, we fed a limited amount of fresh Chinook salmon (O. tshawytscha) harvested from rivers draining the east and west sides of the Cascades to 11 captive grizzly bears in which both parents were from populations with no history of SPD. We detected N. salmincola ova in the feces, and 8 bears exhibited typical SPD symptoms, which included decreased or no appetite, lethargy, vomiting, and diarrhea. We identified N. helminthoeca and Stellantchasmus falcatus (SF) agent (Neorickettsia sp.) in the salmon, but only SF agent occurred in the sick bears. Stellantchasmus falcatus agent is a relatively new arrival in the Pacific Northwest. Because of the severity of the disease and the potential for mortality without treatment, additional studies should be conducted to determine the distribution and prevalence of SF agent in salmon and kokanee (O. nerka) in the recovery area, develop a serum antibody test that could be used to determine exposure of bears to SF agent, and use that test to determine if grizzly bears or American black bears (U. americanus) currently living in the Pacific Northwest have been infected and recovered. If either of the latter have occurred, SPD may not prevent the successful restoration of grizzly bears where SF agent‐infected salmon will be consumed. © 2018 The Wildlife Society.

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Veterinary issues related to bears (Ursidae)

Cited by 69 publications

References 47 publications

Oral health in South East Queensland Koalas: Prevalence of periodontal disease and other pathologies

Oral health in South East Queensland Koalas: Prevalence of periodontal disease and other pathologies

Disseminated Pleomorphic Myofibrosarcoma in a Grizzly Bear (Ursus arctos horribilis)

Salmon poisoning disease in grizzly bears with population recovery implications

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