Vibrio cholerae O1 bacteremia in Pakistan: analysis of eight cases

Abstract

Bacteremia caused by Vibrio cholerae O1 has been a rare phenomenon. We report on eight cases of V. cholerae O1 bacteremia from Pakistan which occurred during 1992-2008. Six of the cases were seen in children (two neonates and four infants) and seven of the eight patients were female. Urogenital malignancy, hepatitis B virus-associated end-stage liver disease, concurrent Campylobacter enteritis and prematurity were the underlying conditions in four patients. Two of the eight patients died and one was lost to follow up and this outcome may be due to prior immunity leading to less severe illness.

A rare and unusual cause of Vibrio cholerae non-O1, non-O139 causing spontaneous peritonitis in a patient with cirrhosis

“…The pathogenesis of extra gastrointestinal infections is not yet well-understood. However, several postulates have been described in a number of studies suggesting that these infections may have occurred due to a) prior disruption in mucosal barrier which increases intestinal permeability, b) small intestinal bacterial overgrowth, c) achlorhydria status d) immunosuppression, e) translocation of viable V. cholerae through M cells and f) hemolysin production (Jabeen et al, 2010;Lata et al, 2009). Catheters and other devices used for invasive procedures are another potential cause of infection (Lata et al, 2009).…”

Virulence-associated genes and molecular characteristics of non-O1/non-O139 Vibrio cholerae isolated from hepatitis B cirrhosis patients in China

“…The exact pathogenesis mechanism of extraintestinal infections is not clearly understood. Possible reasons could be pre-existing disruption of mucosal barrier, achlorhydria, simultaneous infection with an invasive pathogen, translocation of viable V. cholerae via M cells and hemolysin production (Jabeen et al, 2010). The predisposing factor was often raw or uncooked seafood consumption, exposure of wounds to seawater as well as drinking impure water (Marinello et al, 2017;Lukinmaa et al, 2006;Tamura et al, 2013).…”

Non-O1Vibrio cholerae bacteremia in an infant, first case report from Pakistan

“…Goat's milk, probably not boiled and low birth weight of neonate seems to be contributing factor in this case. In the past eight cases of bacteremia caused by Vibrio cholerae-O1 have been reported from Sindh, Pakistan with 75% incidence rate in children [3]. However, bacteremia caused by NOVC was never documented in past in Pakistan.…”