Vincristine sulfate liposomal injection for acute lymphoblastic leukemia

Abstract

Vincristine (VCR) is one of the most extensively used cytotoxic compounds in hemato-oncology. VCR is particularly important for the treatment of acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL), a disease that accounts for approximately one-third of all childhood cancer diagnoses. VCR’s full therapeutic potential has been limited by dose-limiting neurotoxicity, classically resulting in autonomic and peripheral sensory–motor neuropathy. In the last decade, however, the discovery that liposomal encapsulation of chemotherapeutics can modulate the pharmacokinetic characteristics of a compound has stimulated much interest in liposomal VCR (vincristine sulfate liposomal injection [VSLI]) formulations for the treatment of ALL and other hematological malignancies. Promising data from recent clinical trials investigating VSLI in adults with ALL resulted in US Food and Drug Administration approval for use in patients with Philadelphia chromosome (t[9;22]/ BCR–ABL1 ) (Ph)-negative (Ph−) disease. Additional clinical trials of VSLI in adults and children with both Ph-positive (Ph+) and Ph− ALL are ongoing. Here we review the preclinical and clinical experience to date with VSLI for ALL.

A Graphene Oxide-Based Fluorescent Aptasensor for the Turn-on Detection of CCRF-CEM

“…Leukemia is an aggressive and common malignant hematologic disease, which is a threat to the survival of human beings and health, especially for children and adolescents [ 1 , 2 ]. It affects not only the body’s normal hematopoietic cells but also the bone marrow, as well as the immune system [ 3 – 5 ].…”

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“…In a similar study, β-elemene which is a volatile oil isolated from Rhizoma zeodaria , was used to enhance the therapeutic efficacy of cisplatin in non-small-cell lung cancer by synergistically inducing cell cycle arrest at the G2/M phase with increased level of checkpoint kinase 2 (CHK2) and reduced activity of cell division cycle protein 2 (CDC2) 42 . Besides, AIFCM such as paclitaxel and vincristine can target tubulin and affect spindle function to block the cell cycle 43 , 44 . Paclitaxel is a clinically approved drug for treating ovarian cancer, breast cancer, Kaposi's sarcoma and non-small-cell lung cancer 45 .…”

“…What's more, clinical trials have been done with paclitaxel and liposomal doxorubicin (PLD) in the weekly treatment of metastatic breast cancer (MBC) patients, showing practical value of this combination therapy in clinical application 47 . Vincristine, which is an alkaloid extracted from Catharanthus roseus , has been clinically approved for treating a series of cancers, such as acute lymphoblastic leukemia 43 . Unlike paclitaxel, vincristine can disrupt tubulin polymerization to inhibit mitosis 48 .…”

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“…This drug then diffuses actively or passively to the target tissue [ 62 ]. Many more of such formulations are in different developmental stages such as liposomal Vincristine for the treatment of acute lymphoblastic leukaemia [ 60 , 96 ].…”

“…At this moment, several nanovectorized drugs have received FDA’s approval while some are at different phases of clinical or preclinical development [ 59 , 60 , 61 , 62 ]. While the field of nanotherapeutics has been substantially studied, developed and utilized in the treatment of various cancer types, its enormous potentials have been underutilized in prostate cancer therapy, both in preclinical and clinical settings.…”