Viral Removal by Wastewater Treatment: Monitoring of Indicators and Pathogens

Carducci, Annalaura; Battistini, Roberta; Rovini, E; Verani, Marco

doi:10.1007/s12560-009-9013-x

Cited by 72 publications

(52 citation statements)

References 26 publications

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“…The highest HAdV prevalence agrees with the findings of Myrmel et al (2006), Carducci et al (2008, 2009), Symonds et al (2009) and La Rosa et al (2010a, which suggest that HAdV could be a useful indicator of fecal contamination. According Table 2.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 90%

“…These viral detection rates were higher than those observed in the present study. EV and HAV were not found in assayed samples by Carducci et al (2009).…”

Section: Microbiological Parametersmentioning

confidence: 84%

“…The evaluation of HAdV, EV, GARV, TTV and HAV presence was also performed by Carducci et al (2009) in Italy. The authors detected HAdV in 100% of the samples collected at both raw and treated sewage, TTV in 72% and 62% of raw and treated sewage samples and GARV in 100% and 33% of tested influent and effluent samples, respectively.…”

Section: Microbiological Parametersmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Many studies have found that, despite the treatment applied, enteric viruses may persist in high levels in wastewaters (He and Jiang, 2005;Villar et al, 2007;Carducci et al, 2008;Fong et al, 2010;Kokkinos et al, 2010;La Rosa et al, 2010a, b;Prado et al, 2011), proposing the use of a viral indicator of treated sewage contamination.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Assessment of enteric viruses in a sewage treatment plant located in Porto Alegre, southern Brazil

et al. 2012

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In order to verify the microbial quality of the influents and effluents of one STP from southern Brazil, an eight-month survey was conducted to examine the presence of total and fecal coliforms and of adenovirus (HAdV), enterovirus (EV), genogroup A rotaviruses (GARV) and Torque teno virus (TTV), in treated effluent samples from São João/ Navegantes STP, Porto Alegre (Brazil). A total of 16 samples were collected, eight of influent (raw sewage, prior to treatment), and the other eight of the effluent (post-treatment sewage). Total and fecal coliform levels ranging from 3.6 × 10 4 to 4.4 × 10 7 MPN/100 mL and 2.9 × 10 3 to 1.7 × 10 7 MPN/100 mL, were detected in all samples. In raw sewage, HAdV (25%) and GARV (28.6%) viral genomes were detected. The analysis of effluent samples revealed the presence of HAdV (50%), EV (37.5%), and TTV (12.5%) genomic fragments. All samples, regardless of the month analysed, presented detection of a least one virus genus, except for in April. Higher virus detection rates were observed in treated sewage samples (62.5%), and in 80% of them (effluent positive samples) HAdV was detected. Results showed that improvements in sewage monitoring and treatment processes are necessary to reduce the viral and bacterial load on the environment in southern Brazil. To the knowledge of the authors, this is the first study showing the monitoring of viral genomes in influent and effluent samples from a STP located in Porto Alegre (Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil), southern Brazil.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 90%

“…These viral detection rates were higher than those observed in the present study. EV and HAV were not found in assayed samples by Carducci et al (2009).…”

Section: Microbiological Parametersmentioning

confidence: 84%

Section: Microbiological Parametersmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Assessment of enteric viruses in a sewage treatment plant located in Porto Alegre, southern Brazil

et al. 2012

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“…The enteric viruses found in human stool belong to more than 140 types of which enterovirus (EV), adenovirus (AdV), hepatitis A virus (HAV), norovirus (NoV) genotype I and II, and rotavirus (RV) are those most often detected in the environment. These viruses are responsible for a large number of epidemics because of their presence in the aqueous environment or food (Papadopoulos et al 2006;Carducci et al 2009;Petrinca et al 2009;Sinclair et al 2009;Vantarakis et al 2009). …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Molecular Typing of Enteroviruses, Adenoviruses, and Hepatitis A Viruses in Untreated and Treated Sewage of a Biological Treatment Plant in Greece

et al. 2010

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The effluents of a sewage treatment plant may contain infectious human viruses representing a major public health issue. In the present study, an 8 months survey was conducted in order to evaluate the presence of enteroviruses (EV), adenoviruses (AdV), and hepatitis A viruses (HAV) in untreated and treated sewage samples collected from a primary treatment municipal wastewater plant, located in the northeastern Greece. Reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and nested polymerase chain reaction techniques have been applied for viral nucleic acid detection. Positive samples were confirmed by sequencing, and comparative phylogenetic analysis was performed on the isolated viral strains. EVs, AdVs, and HAV have been detected in 40% (10/25), 40% (10/25), 4% (1/25) of the samples collected from the plant's inlet, and in 12% (3/25), 44% (11/25), 0% (0/25) of the samples collected from the plant's outlet. Adenovirus types 3 (Ad3), 10 (Ad10) and 41 (Ad41), and hepatitis A virus type H2 have been recognized, while for enteroviruses Coxsackie type A2 and Echovirus types 27 and 30 have been recorded. The results suggest that treated sewage may still contain human viruses and thereby represent a potential health hazard. Moreover, their possible reuse in agriculture or elsewhere must be considered with concern. Furthermore, this study shows the usefulness of molecular methods for virus detection, typing and virological quality analysis of sewage treatment plants.

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Affordable Enteric Virus Detection Techniques Are Needed to Support Changing Paradigms in Water Quality Management

Symonds

Breitbart

2014

CLEAN Soil Air Water

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In light of water quality monitoring paradigms shifting to a more holistic approach, it is essential that environmental microbiologists embrace new methodological developments in clinical virology to create rapid, laboratory‐free methods for the identification of wastewater pollution. It is widely accepted that routine monitoring of fecal indicator bacteria (FIB) does not adequately reflect human health risks associated with fecal pollution, especially risks posed by viruses. Enteric viruses are typically more resistant to wastewater treatment and persist longer in the environment than FIB. Furthermore, enteric viruses often have extremely low infectious doses. Currently, the incorporation of sanitary surveys, short‐term monitoring of reference pathogens, exploratory quantitative microbial risk assessments, and predictive ecological models is being championed as the preferred approach to water management. In addition to improved virus concentration methods, simple, point‐of‐use tests for enteric viruses and/or improved viral indicators are needed to complement this emerging paradigm and ensure microbial safety worldwide.

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Viral Removal by Wastewater Treatment: Monitoring of Indicators and Pathogens

Cited by 72 publications

References 26 publications

Assessment of enteric viruses in a sewage treatment plant located in Porto Alegre, southern Brazil

Assessment of enteric viruses in a sewage treatment plant located in Porto Alegre, southern Brazil

Molecular Typing of Enteroviruses, Adenoviruses, and Hepatitis A Viruses in Untreated and Treated Sewage of a Biological Treatment Plant in Greece

Affordable Enteric Virus Detection Techniques Are Needed to Support Changing Paradigms in Water Quality Management

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