Virgibacillus sediminis sp. nov., a moderately halophilic bacterium isolated from a salt lake in China

Abstract

Virgibacillus sediminis sp. nov., a moderately halophilic bacterium isolated from a salt lake in China A Gram-positive, moderately halophilic, alkalitolerant, strictly aerobic, oxidase-and catalasepositive, rod-shaped bacterium, strain YIM kkny3 T , was isolated from a sediment sample collected from a salt lake in the Qaidam Basin of north-west China. Cells were motile by means of peritrichous flagella and formed ellipsoidal endospores lying in subterminal swollen sporangia. Growth occurred with 1-20 % (w/v) total salts (optimum, 5-10 %) and at pH 6.0-10.5 (optimum, pH 7.5-8.0) and 10-55 6C (optimum, 35-40 6C). It was unable to grow with NaCl as the only salt. meso-Diaminopimelic acid was present in the cell-wall peptidoglycan. The strain contained menaquinone 7 (MK-7) as the predominant respiratory quinone and diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylethanolamine and an unidentified phospholipid as polar lipids. The major cellular fatty acids were anteiso-C 15 : 0 and anteiso-C 17 : 0 . The DNA G+C content was 40.9 mol%. Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences indicated that strain YIM kkny3 T belonged to the genus Virgibacillus, and was most closely related to the type strains of Virgibacillus olivae (97.1 % similarity), Virgibacillus marismortui (97.0 %) and Virgibacillus kekensis (96.8 %). Levels of DNA-DNA relatedness between strain YIM kkny3 T and the type strains of V. olivae, V. marismortui and V. kekensis were 12.4, 10.6 and 15.7 %, respectively. The combination of phylogenetic analysis, genotypic data, phenotypic characteristics and chemotaxonomic differences indicated that strain YIM kkny3 T represents a novel species of the genus Virgibacillus, for which the name Virgibacillus sediminis sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is YIM kkny3 T (5CCTCC AA 207023 T 5DSM 19797 T 5KCTC 13193 T ).The genus Virgibacillus was proposed by Heyndrickx et al. (1998). At the time of writing, the genus comprised 13 recognized species: Virgibacillus pantothenticus et al., 2007a, 2008a, b, c, d), a moderately halophilic bacterium, designated strain YIM kkny3 T , was isolated from a sediment sample collected from the Keke salt lake in August 2002. The lake is located at 36 u 189-36 u 559 N 99 u 029-99 u 129 E; the lake water was at 18 u C, had a pH of 6.5-7.5 and had a salinity of 298 g l 21 . Based on the results of the present polyphasic taxonomic study, strain YIM kkny3 T is considered to represent a novel species of the genus Virgibacillus.Strain YIM kkny3 T was isolated from a saline sediment sample by plating 1 : 10 serial dilutions of the sample onThe GenBank/EMBL/DDBJ accession number for the 16S rRNA gene sequence of strain YIM kkny3 T is AY121430.Maximum-parsimony and minimum-evolution phylogenetic trees based on 16S rRNA gene sequences showing the position of strain YIM kkny3 T among its closest neighbours, and a table giving the whole-cell fatty acid profiles of strain YIM kkny3 T and recognized species of the genus Virgibacillus are available with the online version of this ...

Noncontiguous finished genome sequence and description of Virgibacillus massiliensis sp. nov., a moderately halophilic bacterium isolated from human gut

“…in 1998 and currently consists of mainly Gram-positive, motile, spore-forming, rod-shaped bacteria that are moderately halophilic [11] . Members of the genus Virgibacillus are found in various environments including sediment of a saline lake [12] , [13] , [14] , [15] , traditional salt-fermented seafood [16] , a permafrost core collected from the Canadian high Arctic [17] , a marine solar saltern [18] , [19] , [20] , [21] , biofilm formation on mural paintings [22] , seawater [23] , [24] , field soil, a dairy product sample [25] , a saline mud sample [26] , residual wash water produced during the processing of Spanish-style green table olive sewage [27] , salt crust [28] and fermented fish [29] .…”

Virgibacillus byunsanensis sp. nov., isolated from a marine solar saltern

“…The genus Virgibacillus was proposed by Heyndrickx et al (1998) for Bacillus pantothenticus and, at the time of writing, the genus comprises at least 16 species with validly published names, including the recently described species Virgibacillus chiguensis (Wang et al, 2008), V. kekensis (Chen et al, 2008), V. salarius (Hua et al, 2008), V. sediminis (Chen et al, 2009) and V. arcticus (Niederberger et al, 2009). Members of the genus Virgibacillus are Grampositive or variable, endospore-forming and motile rods that are characterized chemotaxonomically by having meso-diaminopimelic acid or L-lysine as the diagnostic diamino acid in the peptidoglycan, MK-7 as the predominant menaquinone and iso-C 15 : 0 , and sometimes also anteiso-C 17 : 0 , as the major fatty acid (Chen et al, 2008(Chen et al, , 2009Hua et al, 2008;Niederberger et al, 2009). Virgibacillus species have been isolated from a variety of habitats, including soils, antacids, food, bile, mural paintings, salterns, seawater, freshwater, waste water of green-olive processing, salt lakes and the Arctic (Chen et al, 2009;Heyndrickx et al, 1999;Heyrman et al, 2003;Niederberger et al, 2009;Quesada et al, 2007;Wang et al, 2008;Yoon et al, 2005).…”

“…Members of the genus Virgibacillus are Grampositive or variable, endospore-forming and motile rods that are characterized chemotaxonomically by having meso-diaminopimelic acid or L-lysine as the diagnostic diamino acid in the peptidoglycan, MK-7 as the predominant menaquinone and iso-C 15 : 0 , and sometimes also anteiso-C 17 : 0 , as the major fatty acid (Chen et al, 2008(Chen et al, , 2009Hua et al, 2008;Niederberger et al, 2009). Virgibacillus species have been isolated from a variety of habitats, including soils, antacids, food, bile, mural paintings, salterns, seawater, freshwater, waste water of green-olive processing, salt lakes and the Arctic (Chen et al, 2009;Heyndrickx et al, 1999;Heyrman et al, 2003;Niederberger et al, 2009;Quesada et al, 2007;Wang et al, 2008;Yoon et al, 2005). In this study, we report the taxonomic characterization of a Virgibacillus-like bacterial strain, ISL-24 T , which was isolated from a marine solar saltern of the Yellow Sea in Korea.…”

Virgibacillus zhanjiangensis sp. nov., a marine bacterium isolated from sea water

“…At present, the genus comprises sixteen recognized species, including the recently described Virgibacillus chiguensis , Virgibacillus kekensis , Virgibacillus salarius (Hua et al 2008), Virgibacillus litoralis (Chen et al 2009g) and Virgibacillus sediminis (Chen et al 2009h). During an investigation of the microbial diversity of South China Sea (Chen et al 2009a, b, c, d, e, f, g;Xiao et al 2009;Zhuang et al 2009), strain JSM 079157…”