Virological and epidemiological features of hepatitis delta infection among blood donors in Nouakchott, Mauritania

Mansour, Waël; Bollahi, Mohamed-Abdellahi; Hamed, Cheikh-Tijani; Brichler, Ségolène; Gal, Frédéric Le; Ducancelle, Alexandra; Lô, Baïdy; Gordien, Emmanuel; Rosenheim, M.; Lunel, F.

doi:10.1016/j.jcv.2012.05.011

Cited by 38 publications

(58 citation statements)

References 26 publications

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“…As the HBV burden in the Chadian cohort was estimated based on HBV DNA and HDV RNA positivity, the HBV prevalence may even be underestimated in this group. Although military personnel may have higher HBV infection rates in Africa than unselected populations (18), this first HBV prevalence study in Chad seems to suggest that HBV is highly endemic in this country.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 72%

“…The rare HDV seroprevalence studies that have been performed during the past 15 years and the recent reports of the African clades 5 to 8 (5,6) als), Gabon (15.6% to 70.6%), Mauritania (14.7% to 33.1%), Mozambique (0%), Nigeria (0% to 12.5%), and Senegal (3.2%), revealed various HDV antibody rates (2,(15)(16)(17)(18)(19)(36)(37)(38)(39)(40). Interestingly, also in our study, the HDV Ab prevalences varied widely and ranged from 0% to 27.3% in asymptomatic carriers and from 1.3% to 50% in liver patients.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Of these, 15 were attributed to these supposedly "African" clades, while 10 strains clustered with clade 1 (5,6). Despite their characterization as African clades, only few genotyping studies have been performed in Africa (Cameroon, clades 1, 5, 6, 7; Gabon, clades 1, 7, and 8; Mauritania, clades 1 and 5), and clade 1 dominated in all cohorts (2,5,6,(15)(16)(17)(18)(19).…”

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confidence: 99%

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Characterization of Hepatitis Delta Virus in Sub-Saharan Africa

et al. 2014

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Hepatitis D virus (HDV) is a satellite of hepatitis B virus (HBV), and infection with this virus aggravates acute and chronic liver disease. While HBV seroprevalence is very high across sub-Saharan Africa, much less is known about HDV in the region. In this study, almost 2,300 blood serum samples from Burkina Faso (n ‫؍‬ 1,131), Nigeria (n ‫؍‬ 974), Chad (n ‫؍‬ 50), and the Central African Republic (n ‫؍‬ 118) were screened for HBV and HDV. Among 743 HBsAg-positive serum samples, 74 were positive for HDV antibodies and/or HDV RNA, with considerable differences in prevalence, ranging from <2% (pregnant women from Burkina Faso) to 50% (liver patients from Central African Republic). HDV seems to be much more common in chronic liver disease patients in the Central African Republic (CAR) than in similar cohorts in Nigeria. In a large nested mother-child cohort in Burkina Faso, the prevalence of HDV antibodies was 10 times higher in the children than in their mothers, despite similar HBsAg prevalences, excluding vertical transmission as an important route of infection. The genotyping of 16 full-length and 8 partial HDV strains revealed clade 1 (17/24) in three of the four countries, while clades 5 (5/24) and 6 (2/24) were, at least in this study, confined to Central Nigeria. On the amino acid level, almost all our clade 1 strains exhibited a serine at position 202 in the hepatitis D antigen, supporting the hypothesis of an ancient African HDV-1 subgroup. Further studies are required to understand the public health significance of the highly varied HDV prevalences in different cohorts and countries in sub-Saharan Africa.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 72%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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confidence: 99%

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Characterization of Hepatitis Delta Virus in Sub-Saharan Africa

et al. 2014

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“…The prevalence was significantly higher in males (24.4%) than in females (13.8%) [ P < 0.001; OR: 2.04 (1.46–2.85), P < 0.001]. It varied significantly among the different ethnic groups: 22.7% in white Moors, 19.7% in black Moors, and 12% in African ethnicities [ P < 0.025, OR: 0.47 (0.26–0.82), P < 0.008] for the comparison between White Moors and other African ethnic groups [38, 39]. The characteristics of individuals positive for HBsAg strongly suggest healthcare-associated transmission, intrafamilial transmission, sexual transmission, more frequently a history of hospitalization, and transmission through iatrogenic, medical, or paramedical procedures.…”

Section: Epidemiology Of Hcv In the Maghreb Regionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hepatitis C Virus in North Africa: An Emerging Threat

Daw

El-Bouzedi

Ahmed

et al. 2016

The Scientific World Journal

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Hepatitis C virus is a major public health threat associated with serious clinical consequences worldwide. North Africa is a unique region composed of seven countries that vary considerably in the predisposing factors to microbial diseases both historically and at the present time. The dynamics of HCV in the region are not well documented. The data are both limited and controversial in most of the countries in the region. In North Africa, the epidemiology of HCV is disparate and understanding it has been hampered by regional “epidemiological homogeneity” concepts. As the dynamics of HCV vary from country to country, context-specific research is needed. In this review, we assess studies performed in each country in the general populations as well as among blood donors and groups exposed to the HCV infection. The reported prevalence of HCV ranges from 0.6% to 8.4% in the Maghreb countries and is predominated by genotype 1. In the Nile valley region, it ranges from 2.2% to 18.9% and is dominated by genotype 4. In North African countries, HCV seems to be a serious problem that is driven by different vectors even in different geographical locations within the same country. Efforts should be combined at both the national and regional levels to implement efficient preventive and treatment strategies.

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“…Second, authors found the rate of HDV RNA positivity by RT-PCR to be 27.7% in the anti-HDV Ab-positive patients, which seems to be underestimated in this study. The frequency of HDV RNA positivity in similar group of patients was reported to be more than 60% in other studies (4,5). This aberrant result can be as a consequence of unreliable pre-analytical procedures including sample processing, transportation, and storage and analytical procedures such as viral RNA extraction, cDNA synthesis, and PCR amplification methods.…”

Section: To the Editormentioning

confidence: 81%

Differentiation of hepatitis B/hepatitis D coinfection and superinfection in asymptomatic blood donors: is it possible?

Keshvari

Alavian

Sharafi

2014

APMIS

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We read with great interest the article by Attaran and colleagues in APMIS (1). In their study, in a large group of HBsAg-positive Iranian blood donors, 18% were hepatitis B virus (HBV) DNA positive by PCR, 2% were anti-hepatitis D virus (HDV) Ab positive, and 0.6% were HDV RNA positive by RT-PCR and real-time PCR. Also, authors stated that 16.6% and 83.4% of patients with anti-HDV Ab were coinfected and superinfected with HBV/HDV, respectively (1). The large study population and collection of samples from different provinces of Iran and a complete panel of clinical, molecular, and virological laboratory studies have strengthened the study. However, we believe that there are few ambiguous points regarding the obtained results. First, the result of HBV DNA detection by PCR, which was detected in 18% of HBsAg-positive patients, was not compatible with previous similar studies, which detected HBV DNA in more than 85% of HBsAg-positive blood donors (2, 3). The low rate of positivity for HBV DNA PCR in this study could be as a consequence of unreliable PCR amplification method for detection of HBV DNA. Second, authors found the rate of HDV RNA positivity by RT-PCR to be 27.7% in the anti-HDV Ab-positive patients, which seems to be underestimated in this study. The frequency of HDV RNA positivity in similar group of patients was reported to be more than 60% in other studies (4, 5). This aberrant result can be as a consequence of unreliable pre-analytical procedures including sample processing, transportation, and storage and analytical procedures such as viral RNA extraction, cDNA synthesis, and PCR amplification methods. We should remember this point that HDV is a RNA virus, which is sensitive to the environmental condition especially multiple freeze and thaw of plasma sample. Third, authors used HBV DNA PCR and HDV RNA RT-PCR for differentiation of coinfection from superinfection in their patients, while there is no evidence for using HBV DNA and HDV RNA detection simultaneously for differentiation of coinfection from superinfection in asymptomatic and chronic hepatitis B-infected patients in literature.However, in patients with acute viral hepatitis, presence of anti-HBcAb IgM indicates HBV/HDV coinfection, whereas absence of anti-HBcAb IgM confirms HBV/HDV superinfection (6). We suggest that similar studies should be performed by valid and reliable molecular methods and beside analytical sensitivity (lower limit of detection), clinical sensitivity and specificity of the methods should be considered. Also, differentiation of HBV/HDV coinfection and superinfection should be performed just in acute phase of viral hepatitis by detection of anti-HBcAb IgM.

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Virological and epidemiological features of hepatitis delta infection among blood donors in Nouakchott, Mauritania

Cited by 38 publications

References 26 publications

Characterization of Hepatitis Delta Virus in Sub-Saharan Africa

Characterization of Hepatitis Delta Virus in Sub-Saharan Africa

Hepatitis C Virus in North Africa: An Emerging Threat

Differentiation of hepatitis B/hepatitis D coinfection and superinfection in asymptomatic blood donors: is it possible?

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