Virtual Reality-Assisted Percutaneous Transluminal Angioplasty for Interventional Treatment of Lower-Extremity Arteriosclerosis Obliterans

Abstract

This study was to evaluate the biomechanical characteristics of the vascular wall during virtual reality- (VR-) assisted percutaneous transluminal angioplasty (PTA) and its effect on the treatment of lower-extremity arteriosclerosis obliterans (LEAO). In this study, a three-dimensional (3D) model and a finite-element model of arteries were constructed first, and various fluid mechanics were analyzed. Then, the virtual expansion simulation (VES) of individualized PTA was performed based on the ABAQUS/Explicit module to analyze the interaction between the balloon and the blood vessel at different times and the changes in the vascular shape and structural stress distribution. Finally, an LEAO animal model was constructed. Based on conventional PTA (PTA group) and VR-assisted PTA (VR-PTA) treatment, the morphological changes of vascular lumen of the two animal models were evaluated. The results showed that the normal, stenotic blood vessels and blood models were successfully constructed; the pressure of the stenotic blood vessel at the stenosis decreased obviously and the shear stress of blood vessel wall increased compared with that of the normal blood vessels, and there may be a blood reflux area in the poststenosis stage. The simulation results of the VES showed that the maximum principal stress value at 3 mm of the marginal vessel was much lower than that at 5 mm (about 10% lower), so the maximum principal stress change within 2 mm of the balloon-expanded vessel was the most obvious. The treatment results of the animal model showed that the VR-PTA group showed an obvious increase in the diameter of the vascular lumen, a decrease in the intima and media area, and a decrease in the thickness of the vessel wall in contrast to the PTA group P < 0.05 , which had an important effect on the reconstruction and expansion of the vascular lumen. The VR-PTA treatment on LEAO was realized in this study, which provided critical reference for the follow-up application of VR technology in the evaluation of surgical plan and research on biomechanical mechanisms of restenosis after PTA.

Clinical Efficacy of Interventional Therapy on Lower Extremity Arteriosclerosis Obliterans and Prognostic Factors

“…However, some data show that there are still some adverse events such as cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases, amputation, and death [ 22 ]. LEASO, as a systemic disease, is often complicated with many diseases, such as hypertension, diabetes, ulcer, and gangrene in severe lower limb ischemia, which may lead to amputation, and the aggravation of complications may result in death [ 23 ]. The incidence of adverse events in the two groups within three years was counted, and no difference was found in death, amputation, and restenosis between them.…”

The Role of Three-Dimensional Reconstruction of Medical Images and Virtual Reality in Nursing Experimental Teaching

“…The results show that a normal and narrow blood vessel and blood model have been successfully constructed; compared with normal blood vessels, if the pressure of the blood vessel at stenosis is greatly reduced, the blood vessel wall will bear greater stress, and the blood return area can be formed in the poststenosis stage. However, there is still such a problem in their research that the experimental technology is not mature enough [ 5 ]. In the research of Rozin, the author put forward the reasons that prevented Schedrovitsky and members of the Moscow methodology circle from understanding the essence of thinking, abandoning the interpretation of the world view as an activity, and turning to the development of the theory of mental activity.…”

Efficacy and safety of low dose aspirin plus clopidogrel in the treatment of elderly patients with symptomatic intracranial artery stenosis

“…Through these mechanisms, antiplatelet medical therapy can prevent TIA or IS. As an immediate resuscitative therapy for sICAS, percutaneous transluminal angioplasty and stenting (PTAS) is mainly applicable to some vascular lesions with distal ischemia caused by arterial stenosis (6), with the aim to achieve the revascularization of target lesion (7). Additionally, this technique is used extensively in the revascularization of coronary artery, lower extremity artery (8, 9).…”