Virtual-slit focusing in a cycloidal mass spectrometer – A proof of concept

Serpa, Rafael Bento; Piacentino, Elettra L.; Horvath, Kathleen L.; Aloui, Tanouir; Zhilichev, Yuriy; Glass, Jeffrey T.; Tilden, Scott B.; Keogh, Justin; Kingston, R. H.; Sperline, Roger P.; Denton, M. Bonner; Amsden, Jason J.

doi:10.1016/j.ijms.2021.116706

Cited by 2 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 27 publications

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“…This section demonstrates how the width of the ion source exit slit and the geometry and positioning of the focal plane array detector determine the possible mass ranges, resolutions, and resolving powers for a cycloidal mass analyzer with an array detector. A similar derivation is presented in a previous paper to describe the mass range and resolution of the C‐CAMMS prototype 22 and that derivation is expanded here to generalize for any cycloidal mass analyzer with an array detector.…”

Section: Mass Range and Resolution Of A Cycloidal Mass Analyzer With ...mentioning

confidence: 95%

“…For perfectly uniform fields Δ p = s , the resolving power is equal to p / s . To date, few publications have discussed how field inhomogeneities influence the measured resolving power 1,20,22,33 . A 1969 patent by Brown 32 suggests that the maximum obtainable resolving power m/∆m is also equal to either the homogeneity of the electric field E/∆E or one half the homogeneity of the magnetic field B/2∆B , whichever is less across the region traversed by the ions.…”

Section: Electric and Magnetic Field Homogeneity Requirementsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In permanent magnet‐based magnetic sectors, the magnitude and homogeneity of the magnetic field depend on the geometry, positioning, and magnetic materials of the magnet(s), yoke(s), pole piece(s), and shims that comprise the magnetic sector. There are numerous degrees of freedom when it comes to designing the magnetic sector for a cycloidal mass analyzer, but generally, all magnetic sectors utilize at least two field‐producing magnets separated by an air gap where the electric sector is positioned—see Serpa et al 22 for a recent magnetic sector example. In this section, we approximate the magnetic field profile with a 2D Gaussian profile which resembles a field profile from a common dipole magnetic sector configuration.…”

Section: Electric and Magnetic Field Homogeneity Requirementsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The large form factor of the IonCCD detector carrier is less suitable for positioning between the poles of the magnet in a cycloidal mass analyzer 47 . In our previous work 16,20,22,52 with cycloidal mass analyzers, we have employed the CTIA array detector as it provides dynamic range exceeding that of a Faraday cup (10 11 ) and sensitivity approaching that of an MCP (~5 ion detection limit). Furthermore, CTIA array detectors have a 100% fill factor, freedom from cross‐talk between pixels, individual pixel programmable gain, ability to operate in a magnetic field, and sensitivity to both positive and negative charge 24,29,30,45,49,51,53 .…”

Section: Design Procedures For a Cycloidal Mass Analyzer Using An Arr...mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Over the past 50–60 years, use of the cycloidal mass analyzer has been limited to specialized applications, such as underwater mass spectrometry, 11–15 but in the past decade, there has been renewed interest in cycloidal mass analyzers in part due to advances in complementary technologies including ion array detectors, spatial aperture coding, virtual‐slit focusing, and energy‐dense rare‐earth permanent magnets 7,14,16–25 . In particular, placing an array detector at the focal plane of a cycloidal mass analyzer enables simultaneous detection of a wide range of m/q without scanning, improves ratio accuracy and precision, removes spectral skew, makes more efficient use of samples, and enables techniques such as aperture coding and virtual‐slit focusing 26–30 .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Design considerations for a cycloidal mass analyzer using a focal plane array detector

et al. 2022

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With the advent of technologies such as ion array detectors and high energy permanent magnet materials, there is renewed interest in the unique focusing properties of the cycloidal mass analyzer and its ability to enable small, high‐resolution, and high‐sensitivity instruments. However, most literature dealing with the design of cycloidal mass analyzers assumes a single channel detector because at the time of those publications, compatible multichannel detectors were not available. This manuscript introduces and discusses considerations and a procedure for designing cycloidal mass analyzers coupled with focal plane ion array detectors. To arrive at a set of relevant design considerations, we first review the unique focusing properties of the cycloidal mass analyzer and then present calculations detailing how the dimensions and position of the focal plane array detector relative to the ion source determine the possible mass ranges and resolutions of a cycloidal mass analyzer. We present derivations and calculations used to determine the volume of homogeneous electric and magnetic fields needed to contain the ion trajectories and explore the relationship between electric and magnetic field homogeneity on resolving power using finite element analysis (FEA) simulations. A set of equations relating the electric field homogeneity to the geometry of the electric sector electrodes was developed by fitting homogeneity values from 78 different FEA models. Finally, a sequence of steps is suggested for designing a cycloidal mass analyzer employing an array detector.

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Section: Mass Range and Resolution Of A Cycloidal Mass Analyzer With ...mentioning

confidence: 95%

Section: Electric and Magnetic Field Homogeneity Requirementsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Electric and Magnetic Field Homogeneity Requirementsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Design Procedures For a Cycloidal Mass Analyzer Using An Arr...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Design considerations for a cycloidal mass analyzer using a focal plane array detector

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A super‐resolution proof of concept in a cycloidal coded aperture miniature mass spectrometer

Aloui

Serpa

Abboud

et al. 2023

Rapid Comm Mass Spectrometry

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RationaleHigher resolution in fieldable mass spectrometers (MS) is desirable in space flight applications to enable resolving isobaric interferences at m/z < 60 u. Resolution in portable cycloidal MS coupled with array detectors could be improved by reducing the slit width and/or by reducing the width of the detector pixels. However, these solutions are expensive and can result in reduced sensitivity. In this paper, we demonstrate high‐resolution spectral reconstruction in a cycloidal coded aperture miniature mass spectrometer (C‐CAMMS) without changing the slit or detector pixel sizes using a class of signal processing techniques called super‐resolution (SR).MethodsWe developed an SR reconstruction algorithm using a sampling SR approach whereby a set of spatially shifted low‐resolution measurements are reconstructed into a higher‐resolution spectrum. This algorithm was applied to experimental data collected using the C‐CAMMS prototype. It was then applied to synthetic data with additive noise, system response variation, and spatial shift nonuniformity to investigate the source of reconstruction artifacts in the experimental data.ResultsExperimental results using two ½ pixel shifted spectra resulted in a resolution of ¾ pixel full width at half maximum (FWHM) at m/z = 28 u. This resolution is equivalent to 0.013 u, six times better than the resolution previously published at m/z = 28 for N2+ using C‐CAMMS. However, the reconstructed spectra exhibited some artifacts. The results of the synthetic data study indicate that the artifacts are most likely caused by the system response variation.ConclusionsThis paper demonstrates super‐resolution spectral reconstruction in C‐CAMMS without changing the slit or detector pixel sizes using a sampling SR approach. With improvements, this technique could be used to resolve isobaric interferences in a portable cycloidal MS for space flight applications.

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Virtual-slit focusing in a cycloidal mass spectrometer – A proof of concept

Cited by 2 publications

References 27 publications

Design considerations for a cycloidal mass analyzer using a focal plane array detector

Design considerations for a cycloidal mass analyzer using a focal plane array detector

A super‐resolution proof of concept in a cycloidal coded aperture miniature mass spectrometer

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