Virulence Genes and Antimicrobial Susceptibilities of Hemolytic and Nonhemolytic Escherichia coli Isolated from Post-Weaning Piglets in Central Thailand

Prapasarakul, Nuvee; Tummaruk, Padet; Niyomtum, Waree; Tripipat, Titima; Serichantalergs, Oralak

doi:10.1292/jvms.10-0124

Cited by 15 publications

(18 citation statements)

References 32 publications

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“…In three publications, AMR was investigated in both E. coli and NTS isolates. The majority of publications included data from Thailand (20) [27,28,29,30,31,32,33,34,35,36,37,38,39,40,41,42,43,44] and Vietnam (15) [18,23,45,46,47,48,49,50,51,52,53,54,55]. One publication was found with data from each of Cambodia, Indonesia, Lao PDR and Malaysia [56,57,58,59].…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Antimicrobial Usage and Antimicrobial Resistance in Animal Production in Southeast Asia: A Review

et al. 2016

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Southeast Asia is an area of great economic dynamism. In recent years, it has experienced a rapid rise in the levels of animal product production and consumption. The region is considered to be a hotspot for infectious diseases and antimicrobial resistance (AMR). We reviewed English-language peer-reviewed publications related to antimicrobial usage (AMU) and AMR in animal production, as well as antimicrobial residues in meat and fish from 2000 to 2016, in the region. There is a paucity of data from most countries and for most bacterial pathogens. Most of the published work relates to non-typhoidal Salmonella (NTS), Escherichia coli (E. coli), and Campylobacter spp. (mainly from Vietnam and Thailand), Enterococcus spp. (Malaysia), and methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) (Thailand). However, most studies used the disk diffusion method for antimicrobial susceptibility testing; breakpoints were interpreted using Clinical Standard Laboratory Institute (CSLI) guidelines. Statistical models integrating data from publications on AMR in NTS and E. coli studies show a higher overall prevalence of AMR in pig isolates, and an increase in levels of AMR over the years. AMU studies (mostly from Vietnam) indicate very high usage levels of most types of antimicrobials, including beta-lactams, aminoglycosides, macrolides, and quinolones. This review summarizes information about genetic determinants of resistance, most of which are transferrable (mostly plasmids and integrons). The data in this review provide a benchmark to help focus research and policies on AMU and AMR in the region.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Antimicrobial Usage and Antimicrobial Resistance in Animal Production in Southeast Asia: A Review

et al. 2016

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“…Thai isolates tested here showed higher resistance to ERFX with MIC values of 3.2-25 μg/ml, and in addition, the rate of ERFX resistant isolates was also higher than those reported in the previous papers. This may reflect the overuse of ERFX in pig farming in Thailand, especially for treatment of diarrhea of lactating piglets and at nursery up to 9 weeks [15]. Since the mechanisms of resistance to ERFX of Thai isolates were not examined in the present study, a further study is needed to elucidate whether the resistance to ERFX of Thai isolates comes from alteration of the genes coding for DNA gyrase or reduction of quinolone accumulation by active efflux [8].…”

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confidence: 95%

“…Management practices, medication and vaccination are control measures of the disease [12]. In Thailand, antimicrobials are generally given to piglets to control diarrhea and respiratory problems during weaning to fattening as well as to gilt and sow during gilt acclimatization and lactation [15]. Excessive medication may cause a decrease of susceptibility of mycoplasmas against antimicrobial agents [11,21,23].…”

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confidence: 99%

<i>In Vitro</i> Susceptibility of <i>Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae</i> Field Isolates and Occurrence of Fluoroquinolone, Macrolides and Lincomycin Resistance

Thongkamkoon

Narongsak²,

Kobayashi

et al. 2013

The Journal of Veterinary Medical Science

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ABSTRACT. A total of 159 Thai isolates of Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae isolated from pneumonic lungs of pigs during 2006-2011 were investigated for their in vitro susceptibility to 12 antimicrobial agents. Low activity of chlortetracycline was indicated by the MIC range from 3.12-100 μg/ml and MIC 90 of 50 μg/ml. Seventy-six isolates showed resistance to enrofloxacin, whereas 2 isolates showed resistance to macrolides and lincomycin. In addition, a point mutation at A2058G was revealed by sequence analysis of 23S ribosomal RNA in both isolates. The present results confirmed the rapid increase of resistant M. hyopneumoniae isolates against chlortetracycline, enrofloxacin, macrolides and lincomycin in Thailand. Selection of drugs to control swine diseases in Thailand must be done more prudently in consideration of reducing the antimicrobial resistance. Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae is recognized as one of the most important pathogens in pigs. Management practices, medication and vaccination are control measures of the disease [12]. In Thailand, antimicrobials are generally given to piglets to control diarrhea and respiratory problems during weaning to fattening as well as to gilt and sow during gilt acclimatization and lactation [15]. Excessive medication may cause a decrease of susceptibility of mycoplasmas against antimicrobial agents [11,21,23]. To date, antimicrobial resistance of porcine mycoplasmas has been reported to tetracyclines, macrolides, lincomycin and flumequine, the first generation fluoroquinolone in some countries [1,6,17,21,22]. In Thailand, susceptibility of M. hyopneumoniae to antimicrobial agents was investigated for the isolates collected in 1997-1998, and no resistant isolates were found in that period [14]. In this study, susceptibilities of recent field isolates of M. hyopneumoniae collected during 2006-2011 were examined. M. hyopneumoniae field isolates showing resistance to macrolides and lincomycin were examined for 23S rRNA transition as an evidence of in vivo acquired resistance of M. hyopnuemoniae to macrolides and lincomycin in Thailand.One hundred and fifty-nine Thai isolates of M. hyopneumoniae and the type strain J obtained from National Institute of Animal Health (NIAH), Japan were used. Of the Thai isolates, 7 were isolated from pneumonic lungs of pigs from 5 farms in 2006, and 20, 39, 76, 14 and 3 isolates were isolated from 10, 11, 13, 6 and 1 farms in 2007, 2008, 2009, 2010 and 2011, respectively. The lung samples collected from pneumonic lesions of pigs, either by the farmers whose pigs were clinically affected with respiratory problems or by the veterinarians at the slaughter house to monitor the respiratory diseases in the farms, were submitted to NIAH, Thailand for identification of the causative agents. Focusing on M. hyopneumoniae infection, the primary isolation was carried out in BHL broth and BHL agar medium as described previously [23]. Cultures identified as M. hyopneumoniae by colony characterization and by specific PCR [13] were stocked at −80°C until use.The followin...

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“…However, a larger sample size would be needed in any future studies to estimate the true prevalence rates of pathogenic E. coli among the Malaysian swine populations. A recent study from Thailand [15] reported a relatively higher prevalence of VTEC (11.2%) from pigs with PWD. The results obtained in this study and that of Prapasarakul et al [15] were in contrast with earlier reports by Zhang et al [16] and Fairbrother et al .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…A recent study from Thailand [15] reported a relatively higher prevalence of VTEC (11.2%) from pigs with PWD. The results obtained in this study and that of Prapasarakul et al [15] were in contrast with earlier reports by Zhang et al [16] and Fairbrother et al . [2] who reported ETEC as the most common pathotype found in pigs with PWD in the United States and worldwide, respectively.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Prevalence and characterization of verotoxigenic-Escherichia coli isolates from pigs in Malaysia

Tan

Ooi

et al. 2013

BMC Vet Res

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BackgroundPostweaning diarrhea caused by pathogenic Escherichia coli, in particular verotoxigenic E. coli (VTEC), has caused significant economic losses in the pig farming industry worldwide. However, there is limited information on VTEC in Malaysia. The objective of this study was to characterize pathogenic E. coli isolated from post-weaning piglets and growers with respect to their antibiograms, carriage of extended-spectrum beta-lactamases, pathotypes, production of hemolysins and fimbrial adhesins, serotypes, and genotypes.ResultsPCR detection of virulence factors associated with different E. coli pathotypes (ETEC, EPEC, EHEC, and VTEC) revealed that VTEC was the only pathotype identified from six swine farms located at north-western Peninsular Malaysia. A low prevalence rate of VTEC was found among the swine samples (n = 7/345) and all 7 VTEC isolates were multidrug resistant. Five of these isolates from different hosts raised in the same pen were likely to be of the same clone as they shared identical sero-pathotypes (O139:H1, VT2e/α-hly/F18), resistance profiles and DNA fingerprinting profiles. Two other serotypes, O130: H26 (n = 1) and O168: H21 (n = 1) carrying virulence factors were also identified. O168: H21 is possibly a new serotype as this has not been previously reported.ConclusionsThe occurrence of VTEC with infrequently encountered serotypes that are multidrug resistant and harbouring virulence factors may be of public health concern. The detection of possible clones in this study also showed that the combination of different typing tools including phenotyping and genotyping methods is useful for molecular epidemiologic surveillance and studies.

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Virulence Genes and Antimicrobial Susceptibilities of Hemolytic and Nonhemolytic Escherichia coli Isolated from Post-Weaning Piglets in Central Thailand

Cited by 15 publications

References 32 publications

Antimicrobial Usage and Antimicrobial Resistance in Animal Production in Southeast Asia: A Review

Antimicrobial Usage and Antimicrobial Resistance in Animal Production in Southeast Asia: A Review

<i>In Vitro</i> Susceptibility of <i>Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae</i> Field Isolates and Occurrence of Fluoroquinolone, Macrolides and Lincomycin Resistance

Prevalence and characterization of verotoxigenic-Escherichia coli isolates from pigs in Malaysia

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