“…Biofilms are still considered as a major cause of chronic infections (such as chronic periapical periodontitis, chronic lung infection, infective endocarditis, etc.) [ 1 , 2 , 3 , 4 , 5 ]. Additionally, biofilms cause extensive damage to the marine environment and agriculture [ 6 , 7 , 8 , 9 , 10 ].…”