Virus Transmission by Aphis gossypii Glover to Aphid-resistant and Susceptible Muskmelons

Kishaba, A. N.; Castle, Steven J.; Coudriet, D. L.; McCreight, James D.; Bohn, G. W.

doi:10.21273/jashs.117.2.248

Cited by 18 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 26 publications

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“…The number of repetitions and recording duration were both in the low range of standard EPG experiments, and the positive results obtained may be due to the rapid access to phloem vessels by A. gossypii (often less than 30 min on susceptible plants). The resistance sources studied by the two groups are likely to be related, as shown by the genetic (Pitrat & Lecoq, 1982) and viral transmission data mentioned above (Kishaba et al, 1992). Access to phloem, in terms of frequency and time within a penetration, did not seem to be altered by the presence of the Vat gene, precluding the presence of physical barriers.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 85%

“…However, these authors showed that the branching pat-tern of stylet sheaths was different on resistant plants (higher branching), and that ingestion from sieve cells was shorter on these plants (8 min on R, 29 min on S, not statistically significant), and concluded that the 'resistance factor(s) interferes with ingestion from sieve cells'. The resistance sources studied by the two groups are likely to be related, as shown by the genetic (Pitrat & Lecoq, 1982) and viral transmission data mentioned above (Kishaba et al, 1992). No comparative information is available for other melon resistance to A. gossypii (Shinoda, 1993).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Due to the susceptibility of melon to severe viral diseases transmitted by aphids, host-plant resistance to the main aphid vectors has been an important objective of genetic research in Cucumis melo L. A resistance gene (Vat, for virus aphid transmission) was identified at INRA Avignon (Pitrat & Lecoq, 1982) in a far-Eastern accession of C. melo, and was introduced a few years ago into a cantaloupe variety, resulting in the availability of the near isogenic lines Védrantais (+ or susceptible) and Margot (Vat or resistant). Other sources of resistance to Aphis gossypii Glover (Homoptera, Aphididae) have been described (Kishaba et al, 1971;Shinoda, 1993;Collins et al, 1994), some of which also show inhibition of viral transmission (Kishaba et al, 1992). The genetic relationships between some of these resistance sources have been studied (Pitrat & Lecoq, 1982).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Melon resistance to the aphid Aphis gossypii: behavioural analysis and chemical correlations with nitrogenous compounds

Chen

Rahbé

Delobel

et al. 1997

Entomologia Exp Applicata

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In the melon, the Vat (monogenic, dominant) resistance gene governs both an antixenotic reaction to the melon aphid Aphis gossypii Glover (Homoptera, Aphididae) and a resistance to non-persistent virus transmission, restricted to this vector species. We investigated the behavioural features and tissue localisation of the antixenosis resistance by the electrical penetration graph technique (EPG, DC system). We also compared the chemical composition in amino compounds and proteins of the phloem sap collected from two isogenic lines of melon (Cucumis melo L.), carrying the Vat gene or not. All behavioural and chemical data indicated that this resistance is constitutive. EPG analysis clearly showed that access to phloem, although delayed by alterations in pathway activities, was not impaired in terms of frequency of access or initiation of feeding. The most striking feature was, however, a very reduced duration of ingestion from phloem of resistant plants, making this compartment one of the tissues where the effects of the Vat gene are unambiguously expressed. This was confirmed by clear differential activity of phloem extracts in artificial no-choice bioassays. Chemical analyses have shown that phloem saps from the two isogenic lines were extremely similar in profiles of ninhydrin positive compounds, and contained a low total amount of free amino acids (less than 10 mM). Out of more than 40 distinguishable peaks in the chromatograms (protein and non-protein amino acids, as well as small peptides), only five differentiated the two genotypes. Two of them were increased in the resistant genotype: glutamic acid and a major unknown peak, probably a non-protein amino acid (different from pyrazolyl-alanine, a Cucumis-specific amino acid). The three others were depressed in resistant plants, and included the sulphur amino acid cystine and a peptide peak partly composed of the cysteine-containing peptide glutathione (reduced form). Sap collection also showed that phloem exudation rates, as well as total protein and glutathione levels, were depressed in phloem sap from resistant plants. Such data are all indicative of a modified phloem-sealing physiology, linked to sulfhydryl oxidation processes, in plants carrying the Vat gene. The originality of the mechanism of Vat resistance to aphids is discussed.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 85%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Melon resistance to the aphid Aphis gossypii: behavioural analysis and chemical correlations with nitrogenous compounds

Chen

Rahbé

Delobel

et al. 1997

Entomologia Exp Applicata

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“…The resistance appears to be to A. gossypii only, not to other aphid species such as Myzus persicae . The resistance to A. gossypii appears to be due to antibiosis and antixenosis responses (Kennedy et al, 1978;Kishaba et al, 1992;Lecoq et al, 1980), whereas the inhibition of the ability to transmit non-persistent viruses operates at the inoculation phase. Certainly, the mechanism of resistance does not interfere with virus acquisition, since it has been shown that A. gossypii efficiently acquires virus particles when probing on resistant source plants .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Blockage of stylet tips as the mechanism of resistance to virus transmission by Aphis gossypii in melon lines bearing the Vat gene

Martín

Rahbé

Fereres³

2003

Annals of Applied Biology

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Aphis gossypii is the main virus vector in muskmelon crops. The melon gene Vat confers resistance to non-persistent virus transmission by this aphid. The mechanism of this resistance is not well understood, but no relationship has been detected between resistance and the probing behaviour of aphids on resistant plants. Results presented here suggest that temporary blockage of aphid stylet tips preventing virus particle release may explain the resistance conferred by Vat gene. We performed experiments in which viruliferous aphids were allowed to probe different sequences of resistant (Vatbearing) and/or susceptible melon plants. The results demonstrated that A. gossypii inoculates Cucumber mosaic virus (CMV) efficiently in susceptible plants having previously probed resistant plants, showing that the resistance mechanism is reversible. Furthermore, the infection rate obtained for susceptible plants was the same (25%) regardless of whether the transmitting aphid had come directly from the CMV source or had subsequently probed on resistant plants. This result suggests that virus is not lost from stylet to plant during probing of resistant plants, supporting the temporary blockage hypothesis. We also found that the ability of Myzus persicae to transmit CMV is noticeably reduced after probing on resistant plants, providing evidence that this aphid species also responds to the presence of the Vat gene. Finally, we also found that in probes immediately after virus acquisition M. persicae inoculates resistant plants with CMV more efficiently than susceptible plants, perhaps because the Vat gene product induces increased salivation by this aphid.

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“…The annual economic value of aphid‐resistant cultivars in US alfalfa and sorghum production alone is conservatively estimated to be more than $US 400 million . In addition, aphid‐resistant cultivars have been repeatedly shown to slow the spread of aphid‐vectored viruses …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Plant resistance to aphid feeding: behavioral, physiological, genetic and molecular cues regulate aphid host selection and feeding

Smith

Chuang

2014

Pest Management Science

127

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Aphids damage major world food and fiber crops through direct feeding and transmission of plant viruses. Fortunately, the development of many aphid-resistant crop plants has provided both ecological and economic benefits to food production. Plant characters governing aphid host selection often dictate eventual plant resistance or susceptibility to aphid herbivory, and these phenotypic characters have been successfully used to map aphid resistance genes. Aphid resistance is often inherited as a dominant trait, but is also polygenic and inherited as recessive or incompletely dominant traits. Most aphid-resistant cultivars exhibit constitutively expressed defenses, but some cultivars exhibit dramatic aphid-induced responses, resulting in the overexpression of large ensembles of putative aphid resistance genes. Two aphid resistance genes have been cloned. Mi-1.2, an NBS-LRR gene from wild tomato, confers resistance to potato aphid and three Meloidogyne root-knot nematode species, and Vat, an NBS-LRR gene from melon, controls resistance to the cotton/melon aphid and to some viruses. Virulence to aphid resistance genes of plants occurs in 17 aphid species--more than half of all arthropod biotypes demonstrating virulence. The continual appearance of aphid virulence underscores the need to identify new sources of resistance of diverse sequence and function in order to delay or prevent biotype development.

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Virus Transmission by Aphis gossypii Glover to Aphid-resistant and Susceptible Muskmelons

Cited by 18 publications

References 26 publications

Melon resistance to the aphid Aphis gossypii: behavioural analysis and chemical correlations with nitrogenous compounds

Melon resistance to the aphid Aphis gossypii: behavioural analysis and chemical correlations with nitrogenous compounds

Blockage of stylet tips as the mechanism of resistance to virus transmission by Aphis gossypii in melon lines bearing the Vat gene

Plant resistance to aphid feeding: behavioral, physiological, genetic and molecular cues regulate aphid host selection and feeding

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