Viscoelastic Properties of Pharmaceutical Semisolids I: Ointment Bases

Rheological characterization of bioadhesive, antimicrobial, semisolids designed for the treatment of periodontal diseases: Transient and dynamic viscoelastic and continuous shear analysis

“…In each case it was possible to optimally describe the creep response using mechanical models consisting of several Voigt units in series with a residual spring and dashpot (i.e., a single Maxwell unit). This approach has previously been used to describe the creep response of other pharmaceutical semisolids, including ointments,18 creams,19 and gels,13 and highlighted the extensive viscoelastic nature of many of the formulations. Typically, each formulation exhibited an instantaneous elastic compliance immediately after application of the stress that was due to the stretching of molecular bonds and may be visualized as an extension of the residual spring in the mechanical model 12.…”

Formulation of Hydrophilic Non-Aqueous Gel: Drug Stability in Different Solvents and Rheological Behavior of Gel Matrices

“…Viscoelastic gel behavior had been reported to indicate the ability to withstand mechanical strain, influence on drug release, bioadhesion, gel spreading and retention on its substrate (17,(40)(41)(42)(43)(44)(45).…”

Development of Novel Nonaqueous Ethylcellulose Gel Matrices: Rheological and Mechanical Characterization

“…Viscoelastic materials were associated with the ability to withstand mechanical strain (30). Viscoelastic materials were associated with the ability to withstand mechanical strain (30).…”