Developing
high-performance anodes is highly desired to meet the
recent ever-increasing demands for high-energy lithium-ion batteries
(LIBs). Titanium dioxide (TiO2) shows extremely stable
performance as an anode material in LIBs, but its intrinsic structural
limit critically inhibits the full utilization of the TiO2 material. Herein, we report a uniquely integrated heterostructure
of rutile TiO2 (r-TiO2) nanothorns grown in situ over a new porous and conductive cubic crystalline
titanium monoxide (TiO) core. The new cubic crystalline TiO is prepared
from phase transformation of anatase TiO2 by pyrolysis
with Mg metal at 650 °C, and subsequent oxidative HCl treatment
enables in situ growth of r-TiO2 nanothorns
on the surface of the porous TiO. Interestingly, the mixed-phased
novel hybrid as an anode exhibits a new Li-ion charging mechanism
consisting of two independent reactions of intercalation and pseudocapacitive
interaction corresponding to the two different phases of r-TiO2 and TiO, respectively, in the composite for Li-ion storage.
Thus, it illustrates high reversible capacity and almost no capacity
decay during 1000 cycles at a high current density of 20 C (4000 mA
g–1), overcoming the issues of conventional TiO2. In particular, the excellent rate capability along with
a long cycle life enables the new hybrid to have ultrafast charging
of the system. Furthermore, unlike a conventional TiO2 anode
working in the potential range (1.0–3.0 V), the hybrid with
the job-sharing property exhibits stable charge–discharge performance
over a wider potential window range of 0.01–3.0 V, particularly
even in the low potential range of 0.01–1.0 V. All the properties
including the wider potential window allow the hybrid to realize the
highest electrochemical performance that titanium oxides have ever
achieved so far.