Visual Behavior as an Aspect of Power Role Relationships

Exline, Ralph V.; Ellyson, Steve L.; Long, Barbara H.

doi:10.1007/978-1-4684-2835-3_2

Cited by 98 publications

(76 citation statements)

References 14 publications

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“…Further studies have shown that the joint occurrence of visual attention and speaking activity patterns are correlated with social verticality concepts. For instance, Exline et al showed that high-power people exhibit a relatively high ratio of looking-while-speaking to looking-whilelistening periods [14,11].…”

Section: Visual Attention Cuesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Predicting two facets of social verticality in meetings from five-minute time slices and nonverbal cues

Kumar

Odobez

et al. 2008

Proceedings of the 10th International Conference on Multimodal Interfaces

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This paper addresses the automatic estimation of two aspects of social verticality (status and dominance) in small-group meetings using nonverbal cues. The correlation of nonverbal behavior with these social constructs have been extensively documented in social psychology, but their value for computational models is, in many cases, still unknown. We present a systematic study of automatically extracted cues -including vocalic, visual activity, and visual attention cues -and investigate their relative effectiveness to predict both the most-dominant person and the high-status project manager from relative short observations. We use five hours of task-oriented meeting data with natural behavior for our experiments. Our work suggests that, although dominance and role-based status are related concepts, they are not equivalent and are thus not equally explained by the same nonverbal cues. Furthermore, the best cues can correctly predict the person with highest dominance or role-based status with an accuracy of 70% approximately.

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Section: Visual Attention Cuesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Predicting two facets of social verticality in meetings from five-minute time slices and nonverbal cues

Kumar

Odobez

et al. 2008

Proceedings of the 10th International Conference on Multimodal Interfaces

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“…Further studies have shown that the joint occurrence of visual attention and speaking activity patterns are correlated with dominance. For instance, Exline et al showed that high-power people exhibit a relatively high ratio of looking-while-speaking to looking-while-listening periods [22]. Importantly, Dovidio et al showed that people can systematically decode patterns of visual dominance displayed by others [16], which provides support for both the expectation of producing reliable human annotations and the hope of designing methods for automatic analysis.…”

Section: Dominance and Influencementioning

confidence: 99%

Analyzing Group Interactions in Conversations: a Review

Gática-Pérez

2006

2006 IEEE International Conference on Multisensor Fusion and Integration for Intelligent Systems

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Abstract-Multiparty face-to-face conversations in professional and social settings represent an emerging research domain for which automatic activity-based analysis is relevant for scientific and practical reasons. The activity patterns emerging from groups engaged in conversations are intrinsically multimodal and thus constitute interesting target problems for multistream and multisensor fusion techniques. In this paper, a summarized review of the literature on automatic analysis of group activities in face-to-face conversational settings is presented. A basic categorization of group activities is proposed based on their typical temporal scale, and existing works are then discussed for various types of activities and trends including addressing, turn taking, interest, and dominance.

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“…The results of the study are limited, as the observation of static photographs is difficult to compare with a genuine personal interaction. Nonverbal behaviour, which research consistently shows as linked to social power, is represented by the visual dominance ratio (VDR) [9]. VDR is the ratio between the percentage of the time an individual looks at their communication partner during listening and when talking.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…VDR is the ratio between the percentage of the time an individual looks at their communication partner during listening and when talking. The formula, used by Exline et al [9] to calculate the ratio of visual dominance, features the percentage of a person's looking time while listening in the numerator, and the percentage of looking time while speaking in the denominator, which makes the more dominant visual behaviour appear in a low ratio. Subsequent authors [10,11] set the nominator and denominator the other way around, associating a higher ratio with more dominant behaviour.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Our study follows the formula of later authors. Differences in visual dominant behaviour correlate to several important traits: differences in dominance as a personality trait [9,12], differences in military rank [9], perceived status of the other person [12], expertise [13], gender-related knowledge of the subject [14] and status in teams [11]. Dovidio and Ellyson [10] found that individuals interpret patterns of visual dominance with high reliability.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

The Embodiment of Power and Visual Dominance Behaviour

Jamnik

Žvelc

2017

Interdiscip. Descr. Complex Syst.

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The objective of this study was to identify whether the changes in assuming power poses during a conversation between a pair of individuals, who were previously familiar with each other, influence the hierarchy of power, changes in it, as well as maintenance and adoption of different roles in the hierarchy. We assumed changes in roles of power on the basis of changes in visual dominance behaviour, which proved to be a reliable indicator of the social power of the individual in previous researches. Each pair conversed on predefined topics three times for three minutes. By placing individuals in a neutral or expansive posture, the purpose of which was covered by the use of a cover story, we created a difference in nonverbal expression of power between the two individuals. In the first conversation, both individuals adopted a neutral pose. In the second conversation, one individual adopted an expansive posture, while the other remained in a neutral one, and vice versa in the third conversation. Interactions were filmed with two cameras, which enabled us to analyse nonverbal behaviour. The results show that the differences in displays of power with expansive body postures between individuals are not associated with changes in visual dominance behaviour of individuals. From this we conclude that in the relations in which the social hierarchy of power is already established, the use of power poses does not help increase the power of the individual who adopts the posture.

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Visual Behavior as an Aspect of Power Role Relationships

Cited by 98 publications

References 14 publications

Predicting two facets of social verticality in meetings from five-minute time slices and nonverbal cues

Predicting two facets of social verticality in meetings from five-minute time slices and nonverbal cues

Analyzing Group Interactions in Conversations: a Review

The Embodiment of Power and Visual Dominance Behaviour

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