Visual perception in fencing: Do the eye movements of fencers represent their information pickup?

Hagemann, Norbert; Schorer, Jörg; Cañal‐Bruland, Rouwen; Lotz, Simone; Strauß, Bernd

doi:10.3758/bf03196695

Cited by 54 publications

(34 citation statements)

References 43 publications

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“…These results suggest that the experienced players extracted information in areas other than those on which they fixated most during the task. Other studies have also reported discrepancies between fixation and spatial-occlusion results (Abernethy & Russell, 1987b;Hagemann et al, 2010). We may need to distinguish visual-search strategies, indicated by fixation data, from information extraction processes, inferred from spatial-occlusion data (Williams & Davids, 1998).…”

Section: Anticipation In Sports Expertisementioning

confidence: 99%

“…It is hypothesized that the fixation pattern reflects the observer's visual-search strategies for information relevant to performing the task. Studies have reported different search strategies being employed by experienced players and less experienced counterparts, coupled with their performance differences in the concurrent perceptual-motor task (for reviews, see Cauraugh & Janelle, 2002;Hagemann et al, 2010;Williams et al, 1999). For example, Williams and Davids (1998) identified situationdependent differences in visual search between experienced and inexperienced soccer players (see also Williams, Davids, Burwitz, & Williams, 1994).…”

Section: Anticipation In Sports Expertisementioning

confidence: 99%

“…A general assumption is that prediction accuracy is significantly lowered when the masked region contains anticipatory cues used by the observer. The spatial-occlusion paradigm has been used to identify characteristic locations of the cues utilized by expert players, in comparison with novice counterparts, for a variety of sports, including badminton (Abernethy & Russell, 1987a, b), tennis (Shim, Carlton, & Kwon, 2006), squash (Abernethy, 1990), soccer (Williams & Davids, 1998), and fencing (Hagemann, Schorer, Cañal-Bruland, Lotz, & Strauss, 2010).…”

Section: Anticipation In Sports Expertisementioning

confidence: 99%

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Expert anticipation from deceptive action

Mori

Shimada

2013

Atten Percept Psychophys

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Expertise in sports enhances the ability to anticipate forthcoming events from the observation of a player's actions. In the present study, we investigated whether this ability is applicable to deceptive action. In three experiments, performance at anticipating the direction change of a running opponent was examined with experienced rugby players and novice counterparts. These experiments were conducted with reaction-time and temporal-occlusion tasks, in combination with eye movement recordings and the presentation of filmed actions and their point-light representations. The main finding was that the experienced players were superior to the novices in their anticipation of deceptive actions, although their performance was still impaired by the deception, in comparison with their anticipation of nondeceptive actions. We also found that the experienced players anticipated nondeceptive actions less accurately than the novices, suggesting that the players' expectations of deceptive actions worked negatively on their judgments of nondeceptive actions. The results obtained with the pointlight representations closely resembled those obtained with the filmed sequences, indicating that anticipation was based on the kinematics of the running action. These results are discussed in the context of recent developments in research on expertise and deception in sports.

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Section: Anticipation In Sports Expertisementioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Anticipation In Sports Expertisementioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Anticipation In Sports Expertisementioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Expert anticipation from deceptive action

Mori

Shimada

2013

Atten Percept Psychophys

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“…In another study on soccer players, Savelsbergh, Williams, Van der Kamp, and Ward () found that expert goalkeepers fixate longer on the nonkicking leg during penalty kicks, while nonexperts focus instead on the trunk area. Likewise, a 2010 study on fencing provided evidence that expert fencers focus longer on the upper trunk area of their opponents than nonexperts (Hagemann, Shorer, Cañal‐Bruland, Lotz, & Strauss, ). Taken together, these studies indicate that perceptual attention can be trained to enable a subject to better perform a task.…”

Section: Mechanisms Of Perceptual Learningmentioning

confidence: 99%

Perceptual learning

Prettyman

2018

WIRES Cognitive Science

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Funding informationCambridge New Directions in the Study of the Mind Project Perceptual learning involves long-term changes to perception due to practice or experience. While perceptual learning has been studied for over a century in philosophy and psychology, research into the cognitive and neural mechanisms underlying perceptual learning remains an area of ongoing development. This review explores what perceptual learning is and how it occurs, with a focus on areas of controversy. It then turns to several current debates. First, it explores the debate as to whether such learning involves genuine perceptual change at all, rather than a change in action, attention, or decision-making. Second, it questions the role that higher-cognitive mechanisms, like attention, might play in perceptual learning. Does perceptual learning require attention, or can it occur through mere exposure in the absence of attention? Third, it examines a debate about what perceptual learning means for the perception-cognition divide. Does it blur the divide or preserve it?

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“…(b) A second approach for directly examining peripheral vision is the occlusion paradigm. Empirical studies have compared performance in conditions with and without occluded areas in the periphery to examine the relative effect of peripheral information on decision-making (e.g., Hagemann, Schorer, Canal-Bruland, Lotz, & Strauss, 2010). Since experts are expected to make more use of parafoveal and peripheral information than near-experts or novices (Gegenfurtner, Lehtinen, & Säljö, 2011), the expert-performance advantage should decrease when information-rich areas in the periphery are occluded.…”

Section: Mot As a Novel Approach To Peripheral-vision Researchmentioning

confidence: 99%

Examining the functionality of peripheral vision: From fundamental understandings to applied sport science

Vater¹,

Kredel²,

Hossner³

2017

CISS

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In sports, it is important not only to locate gaze on the right location to utilize the high acuity of foveal vision, but also to attend to other objects in the environment without looking directly at them, accordingly, using peripheral vision. Peripheral vision becomes especially important if, for example, the processing of information from more than one location (e.g. players) is decisive in making accurate decisions. Since such decisions generally must be made under high spatio-temporal demands, costly eye-movements might be advantageously avoided by using peripheral vision for information pick-up from multiple cues. In a series of studies, we aimed to translate the demands found in sports and to investigate the functionality of peripheral vision in a well-controlled experimental paradigm, the multiple object tracking (MOT) task. MOT was implemented in a dual task, along with an additional event-detection task. The present article first presents an overview of sport-specific studies focusing on the functionality of peripheral vision and following, summarizes a series of three published MOT studies. These studies show that peripheral vision is used for simultaneous target monitoring and target-change detection and that visual and attentional demands affect gaze anchoring and change-detection rates. Results also reveal a dysfunctionality of saccades, and further suggest an event- and distance-optimized gaze-anchoring position. In the final portion of this article, we derive specific applications for future sports-specific research. Specifically, we suggest to: (a) use dual-task situations in sport-specific settings, such as monitoring multiple players in soccer and playing a pass at specific moments, (b) investigate the costs of saccades in sports situations with high spatio-temporal demands, as in martial arts, and finally, (c) manipulate attentional and visual demands. For each of these avenues of research, we sketch sports-specific experiments currently being conducted in our research group.

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Visual perception in fencing: Do the eye movements of fencers represent their information pickup?

Cited by 54 publications

References 43 publications

Expert anticipation from deceptive action

Expert anticipation from deceptive action

Perceptual learning

Examining the functionality of peripheral vision: From fundamental understandings to applied sport science

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