“…The execution speed of computers has increased; and an abundance of software games, e-learning activities, and simulated laboratories can be experienced via three-dimensional (3-D) virtual reality (VR) interfaces (Ariyasu, Yamada, Sumiyoshi, Shibata & Yagi, 2005;Bellamine, Abe, Tanaka & Taki, 2005;Christou, Efremidis, Tiropanis & Kalis, 2007;Corter, Nickerson, Esche, Chassapis, Im & Ma, 2007). Recently, the Ministry of Education of Taiwan has been promoting ICT for course instruction and is carrying out integrated courses composed of classroom teaching and computer-assisted instruction (CAI), but very few CAI teaching materials utilize 3-D VR software.…”