Visualizing metabolic changes in breast‐cancer tissue using ¹H‐NMR spectroscopy and self‐organizing maps

Abstract

In-vitro NMR spectroscopic examinations of tissue extracts can be combined with appropriate pattern-recognition and visualization techniques in order to monitor characteristic metabolic differences between tissue classes. In the present study, such techniques are applied to a set of 88 breast-tissue samples with the intention of identifying typical differences between various tissue classes. The set contains 49 breast-tumor samples of various tumor grades and 39 samples of healthy tissue. The metabolite compositions of the tissue extracts were investigated using a dual extraction technique and high-resolution (1)H-NMR spectroscopy. The spectra of the hydrophilic and the lipophilic compounds were assigned to three groups according to different malignancy grades of the respective tissue samples. The group characteristics were analyzed using the k-nearest-neighbor method and self-organizing-map visualizations. The results show an increase of UDP-hexose, phosphocholine and phosphoethanolamine concentrations according to the tumor grade. Higher concentrations of taurine were detected in the malignant samples. Myo-inositol and glucose content were elevated in control samples compared with malignant tissue. Both compounds also characterized different subgroups in the pool of unaffected tissue samples depending upon fat content or fibrosis. Several lipid metabolites showed a characteristic elevation with high malignancy.

Signaling through cholesterol esterification: a new pathway for the cholecystokinin 2 receptor involved in cell growth and invasion

“…In line with these studies, increased levels of cholesteryl esters in glioma tissues and in surrounding infi ltrated areas of human brain have been reported compared with normal material while cholesterol was signifi cantly lower in tumor tissue ( 43 ), suggesting a possible involvement of cholesteryl esters in the development and progression of these tumors that remain untreatable. In addition, important amounts of cholesteryl esters were detected only in tumor lesions at the highest grade of malignancy in cerebral, renal, and prostatic neoplastic tissues, further supporting the concept that they may participate in the aggressivity and progression of different tumors ( 31,(44)(45)(46)(47). In accordance with these different studies, the role of cholesteryl esters in cell proliferation and invasion was further demonstrated by culturing the nontumor cells expressing the wild-type CCK2R in the presence of cholesteryl oleate.…”

1H nuclear magnetic resonance-based extracellular metabolomic analysis of multidrug resistant Tca8113 oral squamous carcinoma cells

“…Similarly, PLS-DA has been previously used for the analysis of metabolic changes (16). Currently, NMR-based metabolomics is applied in several fields, including the study of plants (17)(18)(19), blood plasma (20,21), urine (22) and cancer (23)(24)(25)(26). In the present study, carboplatin (CBP) and pingyangmycin (PYM) were used to induce MDR of the oral squamous cell line, Tca8113, by applying an increasing concentration for a period of six months.…”

Estrogen regulation and ion dependence of taurine uptake by MCF-7 human breast cancer cells

“…It has been reported that rodent mammary tumors have high levels of intracellular taurine [13]. Furthermore, Beckonert et al [14] have shown that the intracellular concentration of taurine, measured by NMR spectroscopy, is increased in breast tumours compared with that found in healthy breast tissue. Indeed, it has been suggested that the intracellular concentration of taurine may be a potential indicator of tumour aggressiveness [15].…”