Vitamin D: Effect on Haematopoiesis and Immune System and Clinical Applications

Medrano, Mayte; Carrillo‐Cruz, Estrella; Montero, Isabel; Pérez-Simón, José A.

doi:10.3390/ijms19092663

Cited by 146 publications

(122 citation statements)

References 184 publications

(210 reference statements)

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“…These results are in line with previous findings by Park and colleagues, that showed an inverse association between 25(OH)D levels and platelet indices in the general adult population but did not investigate possible differences between healthy and unhealthy subjects [19]. To better explain the interrelationship between obesity, vitamin D, platelet count and cardiovascular risk, it is of note that vitamin D has a direct role in regulating hematopoietic cells' differentiation [21]. Moreover, a previous study [22] showed that vitamin D receptors modulate megakaryocytopoiesis and platelet activation, which are calcium-dependent events.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 91%

“…Lastly, a physiological anti-thrombogenic and anti-inflammatory activity of vitamin D has also been reported [23,24]. Therefore, we believe that the consequence of events is that obesity is responsible for a decrease of vitamin D circulating concentrations [6], lower vitamin D levels are responsible for higher platelet number [21,22] and, finally, obesity is indirectly responsible for higher platelet count, thus higher cardiovascular risk.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 82%

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Hydroxyvitamin D Serum Levels are Negatively Associated with Platelet Number in a Cohort of Subjects Affected by Overweight and Obesity

et al. 2020

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Background: Hypovitaminosis D and higher platelet numbers are emerging as cardiovascular risk factors, in particular in obese subjects. Methods: This observational study was aimed at investigating the relationship between platelet number and serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D) levels in a cohort of individuals affected by overweight and obesity (body mass index (BMI) ≥ 25 Kg/m2). A sample of 341 subjects (248 women, 93 men), aged 18–71 years, taking no medication, was examined. Anthropometric, hormone, metabolic and common routine hematochemical parameters were examined and evaluated in association with platelet count and serum 25(OH)D levels. Results: Platelet numbers were inversely related to age (p < 0.04), 25(OH)D (p < 0.05) and uric acid (p < 0.04) levels, and directly associated with white blood cells (p < 0.01), Thyroid Stimulating Hormone (TSH) (p < 0.04), insulin levels (p < 0.002) and Homeostasis Model Assessment – Insulin Resistance (HOMA-IR) (p < 0.002). We applied statistical regression models to examine the relationship between platelet count (dependent variable) and parameters that had univariate associations with platelet numbers, showing that the association between platelet count and 25(OH)D was not confirmed. Moreover, vitamin D showed a negative independent association with BMI, diastolic blood pressure and serum insulin levels. Conclusions: This study indicates, for the first time, that vitamin D deficiency is associated with a parallel increase in platelet number, suggesting that higher platelet numbers may be one of the possible mechanisms leading to a greater cardiovascular risk in obese subjects. It also shows that vitamin D deficiency, a common condition in obesity, has independent associations with higher BMI, diastolic blood pressure and serum insulin levels.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 91%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 82%

Hydroxyvitamin D Serum Levels are Negatively Associated with Platelet Number in a Cohort of Subjects Affected by Overweight and Obesity

et al. 2020

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“…Vitamin D interacts directly with DCs to inhibit their migration, differentiation and maturation, promoting a tolerogenic T cell response [26‐27,42,43] by the induction of T reg cells and the release of high amounts of anti‐inflammatory cytokines [28,44]. Most studies that have explored the immunomodulatory effects of vitamin D in vitro have focused on the use of 1,25(OH) 2 D 3 or synthetic analogues [45]. Interestingly, it has been demonstrated that macrophages and DCs are also capable of responding to 25OHD [45].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Vitamin D status and the immune assessment in 22q11.2 deletion syndrome

Legitimo

Bertini

Costagliola

et al. 2020

Clinical and Experimental Immunology

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22q11.2 deletion syndrome (22q11.2DS) is characterized by a heterogeneous phenotype, including alterations in phospho-calcium metabolism and immunodeficiency. We analyzed vitamin D status and the immune assessment, focusing on T cell subpopulations and dendritic cells (DCs) in a cohort of 17 pediatric 22q11.2DS patients and 17 age-matched healthy subjects. As antigen-presenting cells, DCs are the main target of vitamin D, promoting a tolerogenic T cell response. Patients were subdivided into three groups according to the parameters of phospho-calcium metabolism and serum levels of 25OHD: normal values, vitamin D deficiency and hypoparathyroidism. Different degrees of T cell deficiency, ranging from normal to partial T cell numbers, were observed in the cohort of patients. The group with vitamin D deficiency showed a significant reduction of naive T cells and a significant increase of central memory T cells compared to controls. In this group the number of circulating DCs was significantly reduced. DC decrease affected both myeloid and plasmacytoid DC subsets (mDCs and pDCs), with the most relevant reduction involving pDCs. A direct correlation between 25OHD levels and recent thymic emigrant (RTE)and DC number was identified. Despite the limited cohort analyzed, our results show that deficiency of the pDC subset in patients with 22q11.2DS may be included among the causative factors of the progressive increase of risk of autoimmune diseases in these patients. As most patients suffer from increased susceptibility to infections and heightened prevalence of autoimmune disorders, we suggest a potential role of vitamin D supplementation in preventing autoimmune or proinflammatory diseases in 22q11.2DS.

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“…Furthermore, the effect of vitamin D is currently under investigation in MS patients who frequently display decreased vitamin D levels [179]. Vitamin D supplementation seems to reduce neuronal damage after oxidative stress in cell culture [180] and has also been investigated regarding its impact on immune cells [181]. While vitamin D supplementation and subsequent hypercalcemia was counterproductive in EAE mice, a lower concentration seemed to be slightly beneficial [182].…”

Section: Calcium and Immune Cell Activationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Strategies for Neuroprotection in Multiple Sclerosis and the Role of Calcium

Enders

Heider

Ludwig

et al. 2020

IJMS

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Calcium ions are vital for maintaining the physiological and biochemical processes inside cells. The central nervous system (CNS) is particularly dependent on calcium homeostasis and its dysregulation has been associated with several neurodegenerative disorders including Parkinson's disease (PD), Alzheimer's disease (AD) and Huntington's disease (HD), as well as with multiple sclerosis (MS). Hence, the modulation of calcium influx into the cells and the targeting of calcium-mediated signaling pathways may present a promising therapeutic approach for these diseases. This review provides an overview on calcium channels in neurons and glial cells. Special emphasis is put on MS, a chronic autoimmune disease of the CNS. While the initial relapsing-remitting stage of MS can be treated effectively with immune modulatory and immunosuppressive drugs, the subsequent progressive stage has remained largely untreatable. Here we summarize several approaches that have been and are currently being tested for their neuroprotective capacities in MS and we discuss which role calcium could play in this regard.

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Vitamin D: Effect on Haematopoiesis and Immune System and Clinical Applications

Cited by 146 publications

References 184 publications

Hydroxyvitamin D Serum Levels are Negatively Associated with Platelet Number in a Cohort of Subjects Affected by Overweight and Obesity

Hydroxyvitamin D Serum Levels are Negatively Associated with Platelet Number in a Cohort of Subjects Affected by Overweight and Obesity

Vitamin D status and the immune assessment in 22q11.2 deletion syndrome

Strategies for Neuroprotection in Multiple Sclerosis and the Role of Calcium

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