Vitamin D Receptor Immunoexpression in Benign and Malignant Prostate Tumors

Abstract

BACKGROUND: Prostate cancer is a major health concern of men. Vitamin D can modulate innate or adaptive immune responses. The anticancer and anti-inflammatory effects of Vitamin D are mediated through gene transcription by Vitamin D receptor (VDR), including angiogenesis and tumor cell invasion. Targeted therapy in carcinoma prostate such as is as calcitriol is an alternative therapy for better treatment outcome. 
 METHODS AND MATERIALS: We investigated VDR immunoexpression in benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) and prostate adenocarcinoma. The cross-sectional study, categorical analysis of 60 paraffin blocks consist of 30 samples diagnosed as BPH, and 30 samples of prostate adenocarcinoma were divided three grading groups based on Patterns of Gleason: low, moderate, and high grade. Immunostaining was used to evaluate the VDR immunoexpression by histoscore. 
 RESULTS: The results showed that strong expression of VDR was 40% in BPH and 33.33% in prostate adenocarcinoma (p = 0.961). The strong expression of VDR in low, moderate, and high grade was 10%, 3.33%, and 20%, respectively. Statistically, there is no significant different (p = 0.906). 
 CONCLUSION: Positive immunoexpression of VDR affected the differentiation of prostatic adenocarcinoma.

Immunohistochemical Expression of Vitamin D Receptor (VDR) In Prostate Adenocarcinoma in General Hospital Haji Adam Malik Medan in 2017-2018

“…The binding of VDR to calcitriol in plasma membrane will activate some second messenger system. 14 The presence of these two pathways is evident when VDR immunohistochemistry was partly stained in the nucleus and partly in the cytoplasm.…”

“…Besides that, it was also found that in all grade group, moderate VDR expression was found higher than the strong one. 14 Increased expression of VDR in colorectal cancer is associated with better tumour differentiation, absence of lymph node involvement and better prognosis. In breast cancer, this increased expression of VDR was also related with slower metastasis to lymph node and longer disease-free survival.…”

“…According to Gleason score, histopathological grading are categorized into well differentiated (Gleason score ≤ 6), moderately differentiated (Gleason score 7), and poorly differentiated (Gleason score 8 -10). 14 On the other hand, based on grade group, histopathological grading are categorized into: Grade group 1 (Gleason score ≤6), Grade group 2 (Gleason score 3+4), Grade group 3 (Gleason score 4+3), Grade group 4 (Gleason score 4+4=8, 3+5=8, 5+3=8), and Grade group 5 (Gleason score 9-10). 15 Then, the assessment of VDR expression in prostate adenocarcinoma samples was done.…”