Vitamin D, vitamin D binding protein, vitamin D receptor levels and cardiac dysautonomia in patients with multiple sclerosis: a cross-sectional study

Abstract

Vitamin D is a pleiotropic steroid hormone that modulates the autonomic balance. Its deficiency has been described as an environmental risk factor for multiple sclerosis (MS). The aim of this study was to investigate the serum levels of vitamin D, vitamin D binding protein (VDBP) and vitamin D receptors (VDR) and to evaluate cardiac dysautonomia in MS patients due to bidirectional interaction between vitamin D and the autonomic nervous system. Methods: The current cross-sectional study was conducted on 26 patients with relapsing-remitting MS and on 24 healthy controls. Twenty-four-hour ambulatory blood pressure variability (BPV) was calculated and the participants were evaluated for orthostatic hypotension and supine hypertension. Serum levels of vitamin D, VDBP and VDR were measured. Results: The mean serum vitamin D level was significantly lower in MS patients than in controls (p = 0.044); however there was no significant difference in terms of VDR and VDBP levels between the groups. Supine hypertension and orthostatic hypotension were significant and the 24-hour systolic BPV was significantly decreased in patients with MS (p < 0.05) compared to controls. No correlation was found between vitamin D, VDBP and VDR with supine hypertension, orthostatic hypotension and systolic BPV values (p > 0.05). Also, there was a negative correlation between VDBP and the EDSS (p = 0.039, r = −0.406). Conclusion: There was no correlation between orthostatic hypotension, supine hypertension and systolic BPV values and serum vitamin D, VDBP and VDR in MS patients. Future prospective studies with large number of patients may help us to better understand the relationship between vitamin D and the autonomic nervous system.

Possible Role of Fibrinaloid Microclots in Postural Orthostatic Tachycardia Syndrome (POTS): Focus on Long COVID

“…Familial (monogenic) Lesion in the IKBKAP gene [118] Long COVID [57,60,62,63,67,76,[119][120][121][122][123][124] Multiple sclerosis [125,126] Myalgic encephalomyelitis/chronic fatigue syndrome [76,82,119,[127][128][129][130][131][132][133] Parkinson's disease [134]…”

Detection the genetic variation of vitamin D binding protein (VDBP) gene in women with osteoporosis in Mosul City

“…Vitamin D is a steroid hormone that controls the expression of several genes involved in cell activation, differentiation, and proliferation. The active form of VDBP may interfere with differentiation and maintenance of balance of regulatory cells by suppressing of regulatory cells by inhibiting interferon and interleukin 2 (Aktürk et al, 2019). Humans can make VD by consuming it through their diets and supplements and exposure to UVB radiation (Pludowski et al, 2018).…”

“…)D3) have been regularly reported when compared to controls (Garland et al,206). The role of vitamin D in cell growth regulation has prompted much research into the connection between vitamin D and cancers, particularly prostate and colorectal cancers (Aktürk et al, 2019). Because it binds vitamin D and is a serum 2-globulin with a molecular weight of 52-59 kDa, it was named a "group-specific component (Battault et al, 2013).…”

“…(Albumin, alphaalbumin/afamin, alfa-fetoprotein). They manifest themselves in the liver (Aktürk et al, 2019). The VDBP amino acid sequence is divided into three domains and has 458 amino acids (Bikle et al, 2009).…”

Vitamin D Binding Protein (VDBP) and Its Gene Polymorphisms—The Risk of Malignant Tumors and Other Diseases

“…It affects regulation of the expression of many different genes that are involved in the differentiation, activation and proliferation of many cell types. The active form of vitamin D may inhibit the expression of interleukin 2 and interferon γ and affect the differentiation and maintenance of the balance of regulatory cells [8]. The action of vitamin D in cells requires the presence of nuclear and cytosolic vitamin D receptors (VDR).…”