“…These commands are applied to various applications such as mental spellers (Hwang et al, 2012;Lim et al, 2015;Speier et al, 2017), assistive technology for patients (Hwang et al, 2017;Lim et al, 2017), and online home appliance control (Park et al, 2020). EEG-based BCIs can be classified based on the paradigms to elicit neural activities (Hwang et al, 2013) as motor imagery (MI)-based BCI (Acqualagna et al, 2016;León et al, 2020), visual P300-based BCI (Gu et al, 2019), steady-state visual evoked potential (SSVEP)-based BCI, non-motor mental imagery-based BCI (Kristensen et al, 2020), auditory BCI (Kim et al, 2011;Simon et al, 2015), and hybrid BCI (Jalilpour et al, 2020). Among these, SSVEP-based BCIs have the advantage of higher accuracy and higher information transfer rate (ITR) and generally require no/short training time (Tello et al, 2014;Nakanishi et al, 2015;Hwang et al, 2017;Xing et al, 2018).…”