Volatile Compounds of <i>Panax ginseng</i> C.A. Meyer Cultured with Different Cultivation Methods

Lee, Ka-Soon; Kim, Gwan-Hou; Kim, Hyunho; Chang, Yeong-Il; Lee, Gyu‐Hee

doi:10.1111/j.1750-3841.2012.02765.x

Cited by 14 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 11 publications

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“…Ginseng is known to possess various biological properties and pharmacological properties, such as immunostimulant, anticancer, antiemetic, antioxidant, and antiproliferative properties, as well as other health benefits [4] , [5] , [6] , [7] , [8] . These biological and pharmacological properties are strongly related to the phytochemicals present in ginseng, including saponins, alkaloids, polyacetylenes, polysaccharides, free amino acids, polyphenolics, and volatile compounds such as limonene [9] , [10] , [11] . In particular, Korean ginseng is known to possess better biological and pharmacological properties than other ginseng species [12] .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparative phenolic compound profiles and antioxidative activity of the fruit, leaves, and roots of Korean ginseng (Panax ginseng Meyer) according to cultivation years

Chung

Lim

Ahn³

et al. 2016

Journal of Ginseng Research

120

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BackgroundThe study of phenolic compounds profiles and antioxidative activity in ginseng fruit, leaves, and roots with respect to cultivation years, and has been little reported to date. Hence, this study examined the phenolic compounds profiles and 2, 2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) free-radical-scavenging activities in the fruit, leaves, and roots of Korean ginseng (Panax ginseng Meyer) as a function of cultivation year.MethodsProfiling of 23 phenolic compounds in ginseng fruit, leaves, and roots was investigated using ultra-high performance liquid chromatography with the external calibration method. Antioxidative activity of ginseng fruit, leaves, and roots were evaluated using the method of DPPH free-radical-scavenging activity.ResultsThe total phenol content in ginseng fruit and leaves was higher than in ginseng roots (p < 0.05), and the phenol content in the ginseng samples was significantly correlated to the DPPH free-radical-scavenging activity (r = 0.928****). In particular, p-coumaric acid (r = 0.847****) and ferulic acid (r = 0.742****) greatly affected the DPPH activity. Among the 23 phenolic compounds studied, phenolic acids were more abundant in ginseng fruit, leaves, and roots than the flavonoids and other compounds (p < 0.05). In particular, chlorogenic acid, gentisic acid, p- and m-coumaric acid, and rutin were the major phenolic compounds in 3–6-yr-old ginseng fruit, leaves, and roots.ConclusionThis study provides basic information about the antioxidative activity and phenolic compounds profiles in fruit, leaves, and roots of Korean ginseng with cultivation years. This information is potentially useful to ginseng growers and industries involved in the production of high-quality and nutritional ginseng products.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparative phenolic compound profiles and antioxidative activity of the fruit, leaves, and roots of Korean ginseng (Panax ginseng Meyer) according to cultivation years

Chung

Lim

Ahn³

et al. 2016

Journal of Ginseng Research

120

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“…Because culture methods affect the concentrations of the various volatile compounds (e.g., sesquiterpenes) in P. ginseng [10], the differences in medicinal value probably result from the reduced ginsenoside content of cultivated ginseng compared with wild-grown ginseng. Furthermore, cultivated ginseng faces great pressure from various plant diseases and does not usually survive beyond its sixth year.…”

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confidence: 99%

De novo assembly and comparative analysis of root transcriptomes from different varieties of Panax ginseng C. A. Meyer grown in different environments

Zhao

Zhang²,

et al. 2015

Sci. China Life Sci.

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Panax ginseng C. A. Meyer is an important traditional herb in eastern Asia. It contains ginsenosides, which are primary bioactive compounds with medicinal properties. Although ginseng has been cultivated since at least the Ming dynasty to increase production, cultivated ginseng has lower quantities of ginsenosides and lower disease resistance than ginseng grown under natural conditions. We extracted root RNA from six varieties of fifth-year P. ginseng cultivars representing four different growth conditions, and performed Illumina paired-end sequencing. In total, 163,165,706 raw reads were obtained and used to generate a de novo transcriptome that consisted of 151,763 contigs (76,336 unigenes), of which 100,648 contigs (66.3%) were successfully annotated. Differential expression analysis revealed that most differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were upregulated (246 out of 258, 95.3%) in ginseng grown under natural conditions compared with that grown under artificial conditions. These DEGs were enriched in gene ontology (GO) terms including response to stimuli and localization. In particular, some key ginsenoside biosynthesis-related genes, including HMG-CoA synthase (HMGS), mevalonate kinase (MVK), and squalene epoxidase (SE), were upregulated in wild-grown ginseng. Moreover, a high proportion of disease resistance-related genes were upregulated in wild-grown ginseng. This study is the first transcriptome analysis to compare wild-grown and cultivated ginseng, and identifies genes that may produce higher ginsenoside content and better disease resistance in the wild; these genes may have the potential to improve cultivated ginseng grown in artificial environments.

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“…In recent studies, ginseng has been proven to possess various biological and pharmacological properties, such as antineoplastic, immunomodulatory, antibiotic, anti-inflammatory, anticancer, antioxidant, antiemetic, and antiproliferative properties, as well as other health benefits [ 2 3 4 5 6 ]. These biological and pharmacological properties are strongly related to the presence of phytochemicals such as saponins, alkaloids, polysaccharides, polyacetylenes, free amino acids, polyphenolics, and volatile compounds [ 7 8 9 ].…”

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Antifungal Substances from Streptomyces sp. A3265 Antagonistic to Plant Pathogenic Fungi

et al. 2015

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In a previous study, we identified a Streptomyces sp., A3265, as exhibiting potent antifungal activity against various plant pathogenic fungi, including Botrytis cinerea, Colletotrichum gloeosporioides, and Rhizoctonia solani. This strain also exhibited a biocontrolling effect against ginseng root rot and damping-off disease, common diseases of ginseng and other crops. In this study, we isolated two antifungal substances responsible for this biocontrolling effect via Diaion HP-20 and Sephadex LH-20 column chromatography, medium pressure liquid chromatography, and high-performance liquid chromatography. These compounds were identified as guanidylfungin A and methyl guanidylfungin A by spectroscopic methods. These compounds exhibited potent antimicrobial activity against various plant pathogenic fungi as well as against bacteria.

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Volatile Compounds of Panax ginseng C.A. Meyer Cultured with Different Cultivation Methods

Cited by 14 publications

References 11 publications

Comparative phenolic compound profiles and antioxidative activity of the fruit, leaves, and roots of Korean ginseng (Panax ginseng Meyer) according to cultivation years

Comparative phenolic compound profiles and antioxidative activity of the fruit, leaves, and roots of Korean ginseng (Panax ginseng Meyer) according to cultivation years

De novo assembly and comparative analysis of root transcriptomes from different varieties of Panax ginseng C. A. Meyer grown in different environments

Antifungal Substances from Streptomyces sp. A3265 Antagonistic to Plant Pathogenic Fungi

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