Voltage–current–time inverse‐based protection coordination of photovoltaic power systems

Singh, Manohar; Agrawal, Anubha

doi:10.1049/iet-gtd.2018.6143

Cited by 23 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 20 publications

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“…Nowadays, the rapid implementation of Distributed Generation (DG) such as renewable energy resources in modern power systems or microgrids has introduced a new trend of power generation and distribution 2 schemes to achieve a more sustainable electrical grid and meet the yearly increase in electrical demand [1]. However, the incorporation of DGs into power networks brings along several new protections challenges due to the new behaviour of power flow and fault current distributions [2], [3]. The fact that microgrids and modern power networks with DGs are flexible systems, where changed the power system from radial into multi-looped systems under different operational modes.…”

Section: A Backgroundmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In the conventional OC relays scheme, the coordination time between the relays is determined based on assumption that the power network parameters and fault current characteristics will not change. The CTI as minimum coordination time between the main and backup relays (𝑅 2 and 𝑅 3 , respectively) for a fault (𝐹 2 ) as an example will be mathematically described in Equation 1 [3], [7]- [9].…”

Section: A Conventional Relay Operational Characteristicsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Highly Fast Innovative Overcurrent Protection Scheme for Microgrid Using Metaheuristic Optimization Algorithms and Nonstandard Tripping Characteristics

et al. 2022

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The incorporation of renewable energy microgrids brings along several new protection coordination challenges due to the new and stochastic behaviour of power flow and fault currents distribution. An optimal coordination scheme is a potential solution to develop an efficient protection system to handle the microgrid protection challenges. In this paper, new optimal Over Current (OC) relays coordination schemes have been developed using nonstandard tripping characteristics for power network connected to renewable energy resources. The International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) microgrid and IEEE-9 bus systems have been used as benchmark networks to test and evaluate the coordination schemes. The proposed OC relays coordination approach delivers a fast and more reliable performance under different OC faults scenarios compared to traditional approaches. In addition, to improve and evaluate the performance of the proposed coordination approach, four modern and novel metaheuristic optimization algorithms are developed and employed to solve the OC relay coordination problem, namely: Modified Particle Swarm Optimization (MPSO), Teaching Learning (TL), Grey Wolf Optimizer (GWO) and Moth-Flame Optimization Algorithm (MFO). In this paper, the modern metaheuristic algorithms have been employed to handle the impact of renewable energy on the grid, enhance the sensitivity and selectivity of the protection system. The test cases, consider the impact of integrating the different levels of renewable energy resources (with a capacity increment of 25% and 50%) in the microgrid on the OC relays protection performance by using nonstandard and standard tripping characteristics. In addition, a comparison analysis for the modern metaheuristic algorithms with Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) algorithm as a common and standard technique in solving coordination problems under different fault scenarios considering also the higher impedance faults are introduced. The results in all cases showed that the proposed optimal nonstandard approach successfully reduced the overall tripping time and improve the performance of the protection system in terms of sensitivity and selectivity.

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Section: A Backgroundmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: A Conventional Relay Operational Characteristicsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Highly Fast Innovative Overcurrent Protection Scheme for Microgrid Using Metaheuristic Optimization Algorithms and Nonstandard Tripping Characteristics

et al. 2022

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“…The level of fault current, in addition to the selection and coordination of protective devices, are the main challenges of the microgrids incorporated with the wind [110]. Among many solutions adaptive overcurrent protection scheme [116], centralized communication with a localized backup scheme [117], fault distance estimationbased protection scheme [118], fuzzy inference system based scheme [119], microprocessor-based scheme [120], oscillation frequency and transient power-based scheme [121], parameter estimation approach [122], and voltage-currenttime inverse-based scheme [123], are widely used protection schemes.…”

Section: G Protection Challengesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Grid Integration Challenges of Wind Energy: A Review

et al. 2020

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The strengthening of electric energy security and the reduction of greenhouse gas emissions have gained enormous momentum in previous decades. The integration of large-scale intermittent renewable energy resources (RER) like wind energy into the existing electricity grids has increased significantly in the last decade. However, this integration poses many operational and control challenges that hamper the reliable and stable operation of the grids. This article aims to review the reported challenges caused by the integration of wind energy and the proposed solutions methodologies. Among the various challenges, the generation uncertainty, power quality issues, angular and voltage stability, reactive power support, and fault ride-through capability are reviewed and discussed. Besides, socioeconomic, environmental, and electricity market challenges due to the grid integration of wind power are also investigated. Many of the solutions used and proposed to mitigate the impact of these challenges, such as energy storage systems, wind energy policy, and grid codes, are also reviewed and discussed. This paper will assist the enthusiastic readers in seeing the full picture of wind energy integration challenges. It also puts in the hands of policymakers all aspects of the challenges so that they can adopt sustainable policies that support and overcome the difficulties facing the integration of wind energy into electricity grids. INDEX TERMS Angular stability, energy storage system, fault ride-through capability, frequency response, grid codes, reactive power support, voltage stability, wind intermittency. • Induction generator (squirrel cage (type 1) and wound rotor (type 2))

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“…Koruma cihazlarının seçimi ve koordinasyonuna ek olarak arıza akımının seviyesi, rüzgarla birleştirilmiş mikro şebekelerin temel zorluklarıdır [36]. Literatürde birçok çözüm arasında uyarlamalı aşırı akım koruma şeması [37], arıza mesafesi tahmini tabanlı koruma şeması [38], bulanık çıkarım sistemi tabanlı şema [39], mikroişlemci tabanlı şema [40], salınım frekansı ve geçici güç tabanlı şema [41], gerilim-akım ters zaman tabanlı şema [42] yaygın olarak kullanılan koruma şemalarıdır. Ayrıca, rüzgar santralleri için jeneratör tipi seçimi, yani senkron jeneratör, indüksiyon jeneratör veya dönüştürücü arayüzlü jeneratör, elektrik şebekelerinin koruma şemasının tasarımında da hayati bir rol oynar.…”

Section: Koruma Zorluklarıunclassified

Rüzgar Enerji Santrallerinin Elektrik Şebekesine Etkilerinin İncelenmesi

AMAL>

Yilmaz

Özdemir

2022

Kocaeli Üniversitesi Fen Bilimleri Dergisi

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Rüzgar enerjisinin elektrik üretiminde kullanımının küresel çapta artmasına paralel olarak Türkiye’de de son yıllarda rüzgardan elde edilen elektrik enerjisi oldukça artmıştır. Türkiye’de rüzgar enerjisi santrallerinin elektrik üretimindeki payı (2021 ilk yarısından itibari ile rüzgar gücü 10,585 MW ile) tüm ihtiyacın %9,22’sini karşılar hale gelmiştir. Ülkemizde son dönemde Rüzgar Elektrik Santralleri (RES) lisans başvurularında önemli artışlar yaşanmış olup, bu santrallerin enterkonnekte sisteme bağlantı kriterleri ve sistem işletmeciliği üzerindeki etkileri daha büyük önem kazanmıştır. Rüzgar türbinlerinin zaman içinde ürettiği güç, birincil enerji kaynaklarının öngörülemeyen doğası nedeniyle karakteristik olarak dengesizdir. Bu durum, yalnızca çok sayıda rüzgar türbininin elektrik güç şebekesine entegrasyonundaki sorunları artırarak, katkılarının yönetilmesini oldukça zorlaştırmaktadır. Önceleri dağıtım sistemine bağlanan RES’lerde sadece gerilim kalitesi ilk aranan durumken şimdiki değişen yönetmeliğe göre RES’lerden güç sisteminin dengesi konusunda katkı yapması beklenmektedir. RES’lerin arıza sonrası sisteme katkısı, gerilim, frekans etkileri ve aktif güç kontrolü özellikleri belirlenerek Elektrik Piyasası Şebeke Yönetmeliğinde gerekli düzenlemelere gidilmiştir. Bu makale, rüzgar enerjisinin güç sistemlerine entegrasyonu ile ilgili temel teknik zorlukları ve önerilen çözüm metodolojilerini incelemeyi amaçlamaktadır. Bu zorluklar arasında güç kalitesi sorunları, güç dengesizlikleri (şebeke kararlılığı), reaktif güç desteği, arızadan kurtulma yeteneği gözden geçirilmiştir ve tüm zorluklar tartışılmıştır. Rüzgar enerji santrallerinin artan güçlerle enerji sistemine entegrasyonu Türkiye Elektrik İletim Sistemine etkileri ve bağlanma kriterleri gözden geçirilmiştir. Entegrasyon zorluklarını azaltmak için enerji depolama sistemleri, şebeke kodları ve yenilebilir enerji politikaları önemine değinilmiştir. Böylece, politika yapıcılar ve araştırmacılar bu çalışmayı gelecekteki enerji stratejilerini geliştirmede ve rüzgar enerjisi entegrasyon zorluklarının tam anlamıyla görmelerine yardımcı olacaktır.

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Voltage–current–time inverse‐based protection coordination of photovoltaic power systems

Cited by 23 publications

References 20 publications

Highly Fast Innovative Overcurrent Protection Scheme for Microgrid Using Metaheuristic Optimization Algorithms and Nonstandard Tripping Characteristics

Highly Fast Innovative Overcurrent Protection Scheme for Microgrid Using Metaheuristic Optimization Algorithms and Nonstandard Tripping Characteristics

Grid Integration Challenges of Wind Energy: A Review

Rüzgar Enerji Santrallerinin Elektrik Şebekesine Etkilerinin İncelenmesi

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