Vulnerability assessment of building material against river flood water: case study in Malaysia

Abstract

Flood risk is increasing in Malaysia specifically around river which influencing of climate change. The aim of this study is assessing the vulnerability of building materials by revealing the degree of loss for each structure. There are most five common materials has been assessing namely: brick, concrete block, steel wall panels, wooden wall and precast concrete framing. This research was conducted on 110 buildings, to record detailed attributes of each building in the city of Kuantan. Afterwards, the interviews were conducted with residents of 85 households along with a local authority staff expert. The lowest flood depth that effected on wall building was 25 cm and the highest depth of flood was recorded 150 cm. In general, the interview revealed that the flood lasted for 48 hours. The vulnerability of the structural type of building is determined from the percentages of damage to the wall material resulting from occurrence of the flood. Vulnerability curves were made for these five structural types, by plotting the relationships between flood depth and damage for each structural type. The result shows that by increasing the flood depth wood wall encounter by more damage, which needs more cost to repair. In other hand, Concrete block wall, which consider as one of the industrial building systems has less damage against floodwater. Although, until the depth of 75 cm both Concrete block wall and precast concrete has a same stability. The result of this research can help housemaker to choose the best material for building in flood zone area, which needs less cost in repair stage after flood hit the building.

Floodplain Settlement Dynamics in the Maouri Dallol at Guéchémé, Niger: A Multidisciplinary Approach

“…The consolidation of buildings and its implications on flood exposure is still poorly explored in the Sahel. However, in a broader context, the water effects on buildings after a flood event is fairly recognized [39,41].…”

“…The second gap concerns the durability of houses in the event of flooding. Currently, the focus is mainly on the precariousness of urban construction [36][37][38][39], but less on consolidation [40] in the rural context, which increases the capital exposed to flooding. Once again, here, it is essential to know the characteristics of the housing stock in order to identify the retrofitting measures that can make buildings more resistant to water [41].…”

Flood Damage Assessment: A Review of Microscale Methodologies for Residential Buildings

“…The differences between the two approaches are summarised in Table 3. The studies of [42,46,50,51,57] are examples of the studies reviewed based on the empirical approach, while the studies of [35,[43][44][45] are few examples reviewed based on the synthetic approach. Nofal and van de Lindt [36] and Shrestha et al [10] combined both approaches in their studies.…”

“…Romali and Yusop [51] developed a flood damage function model for Kuantan, Malaysia, using interview survey data. Balasbaneh et al [50] also assessed the vulnerability of building materials by revealing the degree of loss for five structural types. The results of this study revealed that an increase in flood depth leads to an increase in damage to walls made from wood.…”

Geospatial analysis of river flood hazard assessment

“…Floods cause loss of life and destruction of properties [1]. Fig 1(a) shows the number of natural disasters that occurred in Asia from 1997 to 2014 [2]. Human activities of deforestation and urban land use are causing climate change with changes in flood trends [3].…”