Walking by Cycling: A Novel In-Place Locomotion User Interface for Seated Virtual Reality Experiences

Freiwald, Jann Philipp; Ariza, Oscar; Janeh, Omar; Steinicke, Frank

doi:10.1145/3313831.3376574

Cited by 42 publications

(20 citation statements)

References 26 publications

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“…A popular method entails having a person walk at a certain location in a stationary place (walking-in-place; e.g., Templeman et al, 1999) or using a specific apparatus such as omnidirectional treadmills (Darken et al, 1997;Iwata, 1999), foot-supporting motion platforms (Iwata et al, 2001), movable tiles (Iwata et al, 2005), and rotating spheres (Medina et al, 2008). Freiwald et al (2020) developed a virtual walking system by mapping the cycling biomechanics of seated users' legs to virtual walking. These methods can produce a pseudo-sensation of walking because the participants move their legs, and the motor command and proprioception of the legs are similar to actual leg movements.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Enhancing Virtual Walking Sensation Using Self-Avatar in First-Person Perspective and Foot Vibrations

Matsuda

Nakamura

Amemiya

et al. 2021

Front. Virtual Real.

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Walking is a fundamental physical activity in humans. Various virtual walking systems have been developed using treadmill or leg-support devices. Using optic flow, foot vibrations simulating footsteps, and a walking avatar, we propose a virtual walking system that does not require limb action for seated users. We aim to investigate whether a full-body or hands-and-feet-only walking avatar with either the first-person (experiment 1) or third-person (experiment 2) perspective can convey the sensation of walking in a virtual environment through optic flows and foot vibrations. The viewing direction of the virtual camera and the head of the full-body avatar were linked to the actual user's head motion. We discovered that the full-body avatar with the first-person perspective enhanced the sensations of walking, leg action, and telepresence, either through synchronous or asynchronous foot vibrations. Although the hands-and-feet-only avatar with the first-person perspective enhanced the walking sensation and telepresence, compared with the no-avatar condition, its effect was less prominent than that of the full-body avatar. However, the full-body avatar with the third-person perspective did not enhance the sensations of walking and leg action; rather, it impaired the sensations of self-motion and telepresence. Synchronous or rhythmic foot vibrations enhanced the sensations of self-motion, waking, leg action, and telepresence, irrespective of the avatar condition. These results suggest that the full-body or hands-and-feet avatar is effective for creating virtual walking experiences from the first-person perspective, but not the third-person perspective, and that the foot vibrations simulating footsteps are effective, regardless of the avatar condition.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Enhancing Virtual Walking Sensation Using Self-Avatar in First-Person Perspective and Foot Vibrations

Matsuda

Nakamura

Amemiya

et al. 2021

Front. Virtual Real.

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“…Other devices to enable walking motions with actuators have been developed, such as foot-supporting arms [21], moving tiles [22], and rotating large spheres [23]. Mapping the cycling biomechanics of the legs of users to virtual walking has been proposed [24]. A walking system with low-friction shoes on a dish-shaped apparatus has been developed [25], [26] and made commercially available, such as Virtuix Omni One.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Virtual Walking With Omnidirectional Movies and Foot Vibrations: Scene-Congruent Vibrations Enhance Walking-Related Sensations and Ground Material Perceptions

Nakamura¹,

Matsuda

Amemiya

et al. 2021

IEEE Access

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“…Recently, novel techniques were proposed to tackle this issue, i.e. manipulation of lateral camera motion in response to the corresponding head motion in VR [49], or translating the motion of in-place pedaling to virtual walking [14]. Other researched approaches include hand and head redirection techniques [8], [12], [16], [25], [30], [40].…”

Section: Redirection Techniquesmentioning

confidence: 99%

On Rotation Gains Within and Beyond Perceptual Limitations for Seated VR

Wang¹,

Zhang²,

Zhang³

et al. 2022

Preprint

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Head tracking in head-mounted displays (HMDs) enables users to explore a 360-degree virtual scene with free head movements. However, for seated use of HMDs such as users sitting on a chair or a couch, physically turning around 360-degree is not possible. Redirection techniques decouple tracked physical motion and virtual motion, allowing users to explore virtual environments with more flexibility. In seated situations with only head movements available, the difference of stimulus might cause the detection thresholds of rotation gains to differ from that of redirected walking. Therefore we present an experiment with a two-alternative forced-choice (2AFC) design to compare the thresholds for seated and standing situations. Results indicate that users are unable to discriminate rotation gains between 0.89 and 1.28, a smaller range compared to the standing condition. We further treated head amplification as an interaction technique and found that a gain of 2.5, though not a hard threshold, was near the largest gain that users consider applicable. Overall, our work aims to better understand human perception of rotation gains in seated VR and the results provide guidance for future design choices of its applications.

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Walking by Cycling: A Novel In-Place Locomotion User Interface for Seated Virtual Reality Experiences

Cited by 42 publications

References 26 publications

Enhancing Virtual Walking Sensation Using Self-Avatar in First-Person Perspective and Foot Vibrations

Enhancing Virtual Walking Sensation Using Self-Avatar in First-Person Perspective and Foot Vibrations

Virtual Walking With Omnidirectional Movies and Foot Vibrations: Scene-Congruent Vibrations Enhance Walking-Related Sensations and Ground Material Perceptions

On Rotation Gains Within and Beyond Perceptual Limitations for Seated VR

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