Warfare in Biodiversity Hotspots

Hanson, Thor; Brooks, Thomas M.; Fonseca, Gustavo; Hoffmann, Michael; Lamoreux, John F.; Machlis, Gary E.; Mittermeier, Cristina G.; Mittermeier, Russell A.; Pilgrim, John D.

doi:10.1111/j.1523-1739.2009.01166.x

Cited by 273 publications

(174 citation statements)

References 32 publications

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“…So while we would view a precipitous drop in human N, perhaps even human extinction, as bad news, a more objective position would see it as bad news only for one particular primate and the minority of species (e.g., cockroaches, Norway rats) that thrive in the environments we maintain and the pathogens and parasites that rely on us for food and habitat. In areas where humans are partially excluded (e.g., demilitarized zones such as the one between North and South Korea), wildlife thrives [35]. The same would be true if humans were absent from much-or, indeed, all-of the world.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Biodiversity, Extinction, and Humanity’s Future: The Ecological and Evolutionary Consequences of Human Population and Resource Use

2013

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Human actions have altered global environments and reduced biodiversity by causing extinctions and reducing the population sizes of surviving species. Increasing human population size and per capita resource use will continue to have direct and indirect ecological and evolutionary consequences. As a result, future generations will inhabit a planet with significantly less wildlife, reduced evolutionary potential, diminished ecosystem services, and an increased likelihood of contracting infectious disease. The magnitude of these effects will depend on the rate at which global human population and/or per capita resource use decline to sustainable levels and the degree to which population reductions result from increased death rates rather than decreased birth rates.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Biodiversity, Extinction, and Humanity’s Future: The Ecological and Evolutionary Consequences of Human Population and Resource Use

2013

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“…Conflicts between citizens of neighbouring countries in East Africa are often associated with conflicts between national and migratory fishermen over limited marine resources (Crona & Rosendo 2011;McClanahan et al 2013b;van der Elst et al 2005;WIOMSA 2011). Armed conflicts are likely to have negative impacts on protected areas (Dudley et al 2002;Hanson et al 2009) due to the lack of rule of law during active conflicts. However, conflicting maritime boundary claims may sometimes have the opposite effect when countries chose to exercise their sovereignty (e.g.…”

Section: Areas Of Potential Conflict Between Countriesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluating the potential for transboundary management of marine biodiversity in the Western Indian Ocean

Levin

Beger

Maina

et al. 2018

Australasian Journal of Environmental Management

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The economic and socio-political interactions between countries can have major impacts on transboundary conservation decisions and outcomes. Here, we examined for 14 Western Indian Ocean (WIO) continental and island nations the extent of their marine coral reef species, fisheries and marine protected areas (MPAs), in the context of their geopolitical and socio-economic connections. We also examined the role of external countries and organisations in collaboration within the region. We found large variation between the different countries in their protected area size, and management, which result from different interests in establishing the MPAs, ranging from fisheries management, biodiversity conservation to asserting sovereignty claims. Seventy-four per cent of the 154 MPAs in the region belong to island nations; however, the largest MPAs in the WIO were established by European powers, and include Mayotte and Glorioso Islands (France) and Chagos (UK). While the majority of MPAs are managed by individual countries, between-country collaboration within and outside the region is key if the aim is to achieve effective conservation of ecosystems and species across the island and mainland nations in the region. This may be advanced by creating transboundary MPAs and by regional conservation investment by external powers that benefit from the region's resources.

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“…This is an important factor that could be the subject of another study on the impact of national security and political stability on PAs management performance. Hanson et al (2009), in their global review of warfare within biodiversity hotspots, point out that armed conflict often plays out in remote areas, and can lead to direct effects including ineffectiveness of PA boundaries, the withdrawal of PA staff, suspension of conservation activities, and an increase in uncontrolled hunting and grazing, the latter of which has already been identified in Lebanon (Matar & Anthony, 2010); MOE-L et al, 2009). Moreover, highlighted indirect effects include the emphasis on military spending at the expense of natural resource management.…”

Section: Research Outcomes and Contributionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Protected Areas in Selected Arab Countries of the Levant Region (Syria, Lebanon & Jordan): An Evaluation of Management and Recommendations for Improvement

Anthony¹,

Matar²

2012

Topics in Conservation Biology

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Warfare in Biodiversity Hotspots

Cited by 273 publications

References 32 publications

Biodiversity, Extinction, and Humanity’s Future: The Ecological and Evolutionary Consequences of Human Population and Resource Use

Biodiversity, Extinction, and Humanity’s Future: The Ecological and Evolutionary Consequences of Human Population and Resource Use

Evaluating the potential for transboundary management of marine biodiversity in the Western Indian Ocean

Protected Areas in Selected Arab Countries of the Levant Region (Syria, Lebanon & Jordan): An Evaluation of Management and Recommendations for Improvement

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