Waste animal fats as feedstocks for biodiesel production

Banković–Ilić, Ivana B.; Stojković, Ivan J.; Stamenković, Olivera S.; Veljković, Vlada B.; Hung, Yung‐Tse

doi:10.1016/j.rser.2014.01.038

Cited by 333 publications

(169 citation statements)

References 80 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

161

Contrasting

Unclassified

Order By: Relevance

“…The most abundant vegetable oils are soybean, palm, canola, sunflower, rapeseed, among others. From animals, the main sources are pork lard, poultry fat, fish oil, and beef tallow [39]. Waste greases or tap greases are found in cooking oils and sewage scum [40].…”

Section: Feedstockmentioning

confidence: 99%

Renewable Hydrocarbons from Triglyceride's Thermal Cracking

Wiggers¹,

Beims²,

Ender³

et al. 2017

Frontiers in Bioenergy and Biofuels

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

This chapter gives an overview of renewable hydrocarbon production through triglyceride's thermal-cracking process. The influence of feedstock characteristics and availability is discussed. It also presents issues about the reaction, the effect of operational conditions, and catalysts. A scheme of the reaction is presented and discussed. The composition and properties of bio-oil is presented for both thermal and catalytic cracking. The high content of olefins and the high acid index are drawbacks that require downstream processes. The reactor design, kinetics, and scale-up are opportunities for future studies. However, the similarity of bio-oil with oil turns this process attractive.

show abstract

Section: Feedstockmentioning

confidence: 99%

Renewable Hydrocarbons from Triglyceride's Thermal Cracking

Wiggers¹,

Beims²,

Ender³

et al. 2017

Frontiers in Bioenergy and Biofuels

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…The filtrates were further concentrated using a rotatory evaporator at 40°C and dried to a constant mass in a vacuum desiccator. The resulting lipid was weighed, and the yield of extracted lipid was then determined and expressed as a percentage of grams extractable lipid per gram dry sludge [7]. All solvents (Methanol and n-Hexane) were HPLC-grade and purchased from Fisher Scientific (Atlanta, USA).…”

Section: Lipid Extractionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…SLs of extracted lipid were converted into FAMEs (biodiesel) through esterification/transesterification in the presence of an acid catalyst (H 2 SO 4 ) according to the method describes by Dufreche et al [7]. Twenty milligrams of lipids was dissolved in 1 mL of hexane containing and added to a vial with 2 mL of 1% sulfuric acid in methanol.…”

Section: Quantifying and Profiling Sls Of Extracted Lipidmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…As a consequence, there is an international trend towards alternative renewable energy sources allocation [1,2]. Biodiesel is one of the renewable energy alternatives that attracted an increased attention globally has been used as fuel in diesel engines and heating systems for over 25 years [3][4][5][6][7][8][9]. Biodiesel has many advantages over fossil fuels-drived diesel such as better emission profile, renewability, lower aromatic and sulfur content and availability [10][11][12].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Statistical Optimization of Lipid Extraction from Wastewater Scum Sludge and Saponifiable Lipids Composition Analysis

Ibrahim¹

2017

SJEE

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Abstract:In the present study, Design of Experiment (DoE) as a statistical method was adopted for optimizing conditions for lipid extraction from scum sludge. Four different extraction variables were investigated: methanol to hexane ratio (%), solvent to sludge ratio (ml/g), temperature (°C), and extraction time (h). During the optimization process, saponifiable lipids (SLs) content of the extracted lipid was analyzed. Screening experiments revealed that methanol to hexane ratio (X1), solvents to sludge ratio (X2) and temperature (X3) showed a significant effect on Y lipid (p < 0.05). Lower methanol to hexane ratio and higher solvent to sludge ratio showed the highest positive effect on lipid yield (Y lipid ). No significant effect on extraction time on Y lipid was observed. The positive relationship between lower methanol to hexane ratio and the amount of lipid extracted can be attributed to the presence of higher amounts of neutral lipids in scum sludge. According to Box-Behnken design and Response surface method (RSM), the maximum lipid extraction yield (Y lipid ) predicted through numerical optimized conditions by the model for highest desirability (0.995) was 29.614% at methanol to hexane ratio (%) of 42%, solvent to sludge ratio (v/wt) of 51 ml/g, temperature at 87°C for extraction time of 6 hours. The FAMEs yield produced from ex-situ acid-catalyzed esterification/transesterification of the methanol-hexane co-solvent extracted lipid ranged between 7.9-9.3% (wt/wt) based on sludge weight. Fatty acid profile of FAMEs was found to be was found to be dominated by Oleic acid methyl ester (C18: 1) followed by methyl Palmitate (C16: 1) representing 39.4% and 24.3% of FAMEs composition respectively. The correlation analysis of extraction variables and FEMAs yield revealed that solvent to sludge ratio (ml/g) has the highest positive significant correlation with FAMEs yield (p-value < 0.05). However, methanol to hexane ratio (X1) and temperature (X3) were inversely correlated with FAMEs yield.

show abstract

“…Although some new renewable and nonrenewable techniques like wind energy, solar energy, hydro energy and nuclear energy and resources like animal and plant waste, animal fat (Bankovic-llic et al 2014), vegetable oil (Gadge and Raheman 2005;Aicantara et al 2000;Baladhiya and Joshi 2016;Adewale et al 2015), which have been proven to be more eco-friendly resources than petro-diesel (Shirneshan et al 2012;Shirneshan 2013), have become very popular, their high price is becoming an obstacle for them to come into regular use. At the same time, it has been proven that the quantity of biofuels from living sources like vegetable oil, animal fat are not enough to meet world energy requirement for transportation fuel (Smith et al 2010).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Production of biodiesel from unused algal biomass in Punjab, India

Karmakar

Rajor

Kundu³

et al. 2017

Pet. Sci.

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Biodiesel from inedible sources has become prominent in last few decades. But it is economically incompatible with petroleum diesel. At the same time, both petro-diesel and biodiesels are concerned with environmental pollution, global warming, etc. Algae, on the other hand, utilize CO 2 for their growth and can minimize some sort of pollution level and results in carbon credit for a country. In Punjab, India, algae are seen to grow in many water bodies. But all those are taken away and dumped in vats. Some of this huge biomass was used for production of biodiesel in this work. Extraction of oil from algae was conducted by using Soxtherm (solvent extraction). An amount of 9 wt% of algal oil was extracted by comparatively costly hexane, whereas 8% extraction was done by cheaper acetone. In the transesterification reaction, molar ratio (methanol: oil) of 6:1, catalyst (KOH) concentration of 3 wt%, reaction temperature of 60°C, 60 min reaction time and a settling time of 2.5 h were found to be optimum conditions to get maximum ester with minimum free fatty acid content and viscosity. A statistical analysis for the transesterification procedure also showed a methanol-to-oil molar ratio of 6:1 and catalyst concentration of 3 wt% to be the optimum. Characterization of biodiesel was done and compared with ASTM/BIS standards. Most important properties of biodiesel ester like viscosity (3.12 cSt or 3.12 mm 2 /s), cloud and pour point (-1 and -6°C, respectively), flash and fire point (153 and 158°C), carbon residue content (0.03%), acid number (0.36 mg of KOH/gm) were within the range of concerned standards.

show abstract

Waste animal fats as feedstocks for biodiesel production

Cited by 333 publications

References 80 publications

Renewable Hydrocarbons from Triglyceride's Thermal Cracking

Renewable Hydrocarbons from Triglyceride's Thermal Cracking

Statistical Optimization of Lipid Extraction from Wastewater Scum Sludge and Saponifiable Lipids Composition Analysis

Production of biodiesel from unused algal biomass in Punjab, India

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About