2009
DOI: 10.3141/2104-06
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Water as the Key to Expansion of Ettringite in Cementitious Materials

Abstract: Damage in sulfate-bearing soils and aggregate systems stabilized with additives containing lime, including lime and portland cement, has drawn considerable attention over the past two decades. Researchers and practitioners have made considerable contributions to the understanding of the problem, including the mechanisms involved in the formation of the two minerals, ettringite and thaumasite, that are most often associated with this damage. This paper provides a case history analysis of the expansion history c… Show more

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Cited by 26 publications
(9 citation statements)
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“…Mix RAM demonstrated approximately 2% swell during the 3-day conditioning period, before water soak, possibly because of ettringite formation. The observation closely matches molar volume calculations, which suggest a volume increase of 2.47% if all reagent RA was transformed to mineral ettringite (10,21). Although no external water was introduced into these mixes during the conditioning period, the high solubility of reagent RA meant that the mixing water was sufficient to dissolve RA and provide the stoichiometric proportions of water needed for ettringite formation.…”
Section: Discussion Of Resultssupporting
confidence: 79%
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“…Mix RAM demonstrated approximately 2% swell during the 3-day conditioning period, before water soak, possibly because of ettringite formation. The observation closely matches molar volume calculations, which suggest a volume increase of 2.47% if all reagent RA was transformed to mineral ettringite (10,21). Although no external water was introduced into these mixes during the conditioning period, the high solubility of reagent RA meant that the mixing water was sufficient to dissolve RA and provide the stoichiometric proportions of water needed for ettringite formation.…”
Section: Discussion Of Resultssupporting
confidence: 79%
“…For a sulfate concentration of 5,000 ppm, the presence of ettringite was detected only in mix RAM during the conditioning period (Figure 4a), and the concentrations were found to increase after the first few days of soaking (Figure 5d). Hence the major part of swell observed in this mix is probably because of the formation and water absorption of ettringite and partly because of unreacted RA present in the mix (19)(20)(21). A comparison of swell behavior during the conditioning period (Figure 4) to the predicted volume change based on molar volume calculation supports this observation (10,21).…”
Section: Discussion Of Resultssupporting
confidence: 58%
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