Water charges and irrigation efficiencies

Bos, M.; Wolters, W.

doi:10.1007/bf01117746

Cited by 46 publications

(42 citation statements)

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“…However, as irrigation is mostly rather inefficient [Bos and Nugteren, 1990], actually more water is withdrawn than needed by the plants. This water is lost in applying it to the crops, e.g., by evaporation from open channels, from soils and vegetation canopies, by leakage from pipelines, and by seepage (these redistributions are implicitly computed by our model, see equations (A5), (A6), (A14)).…”

Section: A54 Irrigation Efficiency and Amountmentioning

confidence: 99%

Agricultural green and blue water consumption and its influence on the global water system

Rost

Gerten

Bondeau

et al. 2008

Water Resources Research

791

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[1] This study quantifies, spatially explicitly and in a consistent modeling framework (Lund-Potsdam-Jena managed Land), the global consumption of both ''blue'' water (withdrawn for irrigation from rivers, lakes and aquifers) and ''green'' water (precipitation) by rainfed and irrigated agriculture and by nonagricultural terrestrial ecosystems. In addition, the individual effects of human-induced land cover change and irrigation were quantified to assess the overall hydrological impact of global agriculture in the past century. The contributions to irrigation of nonrenewable (fossil groundwater) and nonlocal blue water (e.g., from diverted rivers) were derived from the difference between a simulation in which these resources were implicitly considered (IPOT) and a simulation in which they were neglected (ILIM ), whereas irrigation increased evapotranspiration by up to 1.9% and decreased discharge by 0.5% at least (IPOT, 1971(IPOT, -2000. The diverse water fluxes displayed considerable interannual and interdecadal variability due to climatic variations and the progressive increase of the global area under cultivation and irrigation.Citation: Rost, S., D. Gerten, A. Bondeau, W. Luncht, J. Rohwer, and S. Schaphoff (2008), Agricultural green and blue water consumption and its influence on the global water system, Water Resour. Res., 44, W09405,

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Section: A54 Irrigation Efficiency and Amountmentioning

confidence: 99%

Agricultural green and blue water consumption and its influence on the global water system

Rost

Gerten

Bondeau

et al. 2008

Water Resources Research

791

728

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“…The higher the conveyance efficiency, the lesser the water loss, thus the larger the area that can be irrigated from a given finite water source, and the less the leaching of nutrients and damage to the soil and the more environmentally friendly the irrigation system will become. Canal conveyance efficiency, for the purpose of this study being defined as the ratio of the volume of water delivered at the downstream end to the volume of water released at the upstream end of the canal section, can be derived by the use of the following equation [2]:…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Awash River basin, geographically located in the world's main rift system, covers a total area of 110,000 km 2 and is by far the most utilized river basin of Ethiopia which lends itself for usual water shortage complaints [9]. Fentale Irrigation Scheme is found at a distance of 200 km the capital of Ethiopia, Addis Ababa.…”

Section: Location Of the Study Areamentioning

confidence: 99%

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Effect of Reference Conveyance Parameter Usage on Real Time Canal Performance: The Case of Fentale Irrigation Scheme in Ethiopia

Mohammed¹,

Tefera²

2017

CWEEE

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In designing a canal system, a major problem is to decide what conveyance parameter to apply in the calculations. Since basic knowledge on this subject is lacking, it is usually taken from literatures. Most of the irrigation projects in Ethiopia are found to work below their expectation. One of the main reasons is the conveyance parameters variation from the expected (design) value which ultimately affects the envisioned conveyance efficiency. To evaluate this variation, Fentale irrigation scheme was used as case study. The conveyance efficiency used at the design stage was 80%, which was within Food and Agricultural Organization of the united nations recommendations; while the field survey value was 17%. Such huge variation was due to the fact that the assigned conveyance parameter values (roughness coefficient, hydraulic radius and bed slope) no longer represent the current situation of the scheme. Such variation has resulted in increase in the depth and top width of the water surface which further resulted in 13% and 3% increase in wetted perimeter and top width of the canal, respectively. Thus this study suggests that conveyance parameters shall be derived from history of existing irrigation schemes in a country, rather than adopting it from standard literatures. As such construction quality, maintenance activities and technological transfer activities in a country shall be seen in deciding the conveyance parameters. The study also suggests that the ever increasing water shortage in an irrigation project could be managed by proper maintenance of the entire irrigation system.

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“…Major issues in perspective. July [14][15][16][17][18][19][20][21][22]1977 578. I n t e g r a t e d Rural Development Programme.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Rural Development in the Third World

Dixon¹

2015

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Water charges and irrigation efficiencies

Cited by 46 publications

References 1 publication

Agricultural green and blue water consumption and its influence on the global water system

Agricultural green and blue water consumption and its influence on the global water system

Effect of Reference Conveyance Parameter Usage on Real Time Canal Performance: The Case of Fentale Irrigation Scheme in Ethiopia

Rural Development in the Third World

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