Water cooled silicon crystals for X-ray monochromators

Wahl, R.; Shah, Rashmi S.; Jackson, Keith; Tonnessen, Thomas W.

doi:10.1016/0168-9002(92)91185-c

Cited by 5 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 1 publication

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“…Re_' Fz,,,gpsw_ =(Whdphlrlh)mF_4cPsWs _h. Substituting the material properties of gallium and water, as well as the constant m = 0.2, into equation ( 9), the pressure drop of gallium can be found to be 0.19 times that of water [ 10]. This is reasonably close to the experimental result, 0.17, given by Smither and others [9].…”

supporting

confidence: 84%

“…Re"; r_p_w_ (w,dp, _'1, F_,_,,w_ Smither and others [9] haveperformed experimentswith liquid-gallium-cooled crystalsand comparedthoseresults with the results from experimentswith water-cooledcrystals aslisted in Tables 2-3 [10]. When the mass flow rates are the same, the experiments show that the pressure " drop of gallium is about 0.17 times that of water.…”

Section: Prediction Of the Pressure Drop For Gallium In A Pin-post Design And Comparison With Experimental Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Because no geometry is given in Ref. [10], it is impossible to know whether the flow in the tests described in references [9] and [10] was laminar or turbulent. Because the velocity of gallium is relatively low, the flow might be in the laminar range.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Liquid-metal, pin-fin pressure drop by correlation in cross flow

Wang

Kuzay

Assoufid

1995

Review of Scientific Instruments

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The pin-fin configuration is widely used in high-heat-flux applications. Recently, the pin-fin design with liquid-metal coolant was also applied to synchrotron-radiation beamline devices. This article investigates the pressure drop in a pin-post crystal with liquid gallium as the coolant. Because the pin-post configuration is a relatively new concept, information in the literature on pin-post mirrors or crystals is rare, and information on the pressure drop in pin-post mirrors with liquid metal as the coolant is even rarer. Because the cross flow in cylinder-array geometry is very similar to that of the pin post, the pressure drop correlation data for the cross flow of fluid with various fluid characteristics or properties through a tube bank are studied so that the results can be scaled to the pin-fin geometry with liquid metal as the coolant. The emphasis of this article is on the influence of two variables on the pressure drop: viscosity and density of fluid. The difference and correlation of the pressure drop between long and short posts and the predication of the pressure drop of liquid metal in the pin-post mirror and comparison with an existing experiment are addressed.

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supporting

confidence: 84%

Section: Prediction Of the Pressure Drop For Gallium In A Pin-post Design And Comparison With Experimental Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Liquid-metal, pin-fin pressure drop by correlation in cross flow

Wang

Kuzay

Assoufid

1995

Review of Scientific Instruments

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“…There were also several puzzling observations: (1) the strange variation of the RC widths with the heat load (figures 4,10, and 111, (2) the new pin-post crystal seems to perform better than the original crystal despite the fact that the actual cell flow velocity of the new crystal is 3 times smaller and (3) the poor performance of the crystal with liquid gallium. The fabrication-and coolant-pressureinduced strains and their interaction with the thermal-induced strains could be a factor in (1). The IR images suggest that blocked cells, causing local hot spots, may be the cause of (3).…”

Section: Some Conclusion Regardin? the Din-dost Crvstal Measurement8mentioning

confidence: 99%

High-heat-load synchrotron tests of room-temperature, silicon crystal monochromators at the CHESS F-2 wiggler station

Lee¹,

Fernandez²,

Graber³

et al. 1995

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Int roduc t ioq This Light Source Note summarizes the results of the single crystal monochromator high-heat-load tests performed at the CHESS F-2 wiggler station. The results from two different cooling geometries will be presented: (1) the "pin-post" crystal and (2) the "criss-cross" crystal. The data presented were taken in August 1993 (water-cooled pin-post) and in April 1995 (waterand gallium-cooled pin-post crystal and gallium-cooled criss-cross crystal). The motivation for trying these cooling (or heat exchanger) geometries is to improve the heat transfer efficiency over that of the conventional slotted crystals. Calculations suggest that the pin-post or the microchannel design can significantly improve the thermal performance of the crystal Ill. The pinpost crystal used here was fabricated by Rocketdyne Albuquerque Operations (RAO, formerly Rockwell Power Systems). From the performance of the conventional slotted crystals, it was thought that increased turbulence in the flow pattern may also enhance the heat transfer. The criss-cross crystal was a simple attempt to achieve the increased flow turbulence. The criss-cross crystal was partly fabricated in-house (cutting, etching and polishing) and bonded by RAO. Here, the assumption is that the MTDWat, = 3 MTDgallim. This assumption comes from past empirical observations. Theoretical calculations [2,3] suggest that, depending on the actual geometry, MTDWabr = 1.5-2.5 MTDgallium. Thus, for example, in figure 26, the MTD for the liquid-galliumcooled slotted crystal ranges from 4-7 O C. We assume then, that if water were used as a coolant instead, the MTD ranges would be from 12-21" C, as shown in figure 27.

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Analytical and Computational Heat Transfer of Single-Phase Liquid Metal

Zhang

2024

Handbook of Liquid Metals

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Water cooled silicon crystals for X-ray monochromators

Cited by 5 publications

References 1 publication

Liquid-metal, pin-fin pressure drop by correlation in cross flow

Liquid-metal, pin-fin pressure drop by correlation in cross flow

High-heat-load synchrotron tests of room-temperature, silicon crystal monochromators at the CHESS F-2 wiggler station

Analytical and Computational Heat Transfer of Single-Phase Liquid Metal

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