Water in bacterial biofilms: pores and channels, storage and transport functions

Quan, Kecheng; Hou, Jiapeng; Zhang, Zexin; Ren, Yijin; Peterson, Brandon W.; Flemming, Hans‐Curt; Mayer, Christian; Busscher, Henk J.; Mei, Henny C. van der

doi:10.1080/1040841x.2021.1962802

Cited by 67 publications

(38 citation statements)

References 113 publications

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“…Here, all SEM images suggest that the surface is virtually devoid of bacterial cell debris, implying that enzyme-powered nanoparticles did not induce obvious cell death when dense biofilms were destroyed. As we all know, the size of the naturally occurring water channels within biofilms is about 100 nm, 82 which means that the nanoscale Cu-CDs naturally diffuse into the mature matrix without any hindrance. As the surface layer of the biofilm dissociated, the physical movement of the bubbles activated by the Cu-CD enzymes plays an important role in disintegrating the entire biofilm.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Copper Doped Carbon Dots for Addressing Bacterial Biofilm Formation, Wound Infection, and Tooth Staining

Huang

et al. 2022

ACS Nano

110

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Oral infectious diseases and tooth staining, the main challenges of dental healthcare, are inextricably linked to microbial colonization and the formation of pathogenic biofilms. However, dentistry has so far still lacked simple, safe, and universal prophylactic options and therapy. Here, we report copper-doped carbon dots (Cu-CDs) that display enhanced catalytic (catalase-like, peroxidase-like) activity in the oral environment for inhibiting initial bacteria (Streptococcus mutans) adhesion and for subsequent biofilm eradication without impacting the surrounding oral tissues via oxygen (O 2 ) and reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation. Especially, Cu-CDs exhibit strong affinity for lipopolysaccharides (LPS) and peptidoglycans (PGN), thus conferring them with excellent antibacterial ability against Gram-positive bacteria (Staphylococcus aureus) and Gram-negative bacteria (Escherichia coli), such that they can prevent wound purulent infection and promoting rapid wound healing. Additionally, the Cu-CDs/H 2 O 2 system shows a better performance in tooth whitening, compared with results obtained with other alternatives, e.g., CDs and clinically used H 2 O 2 , particularly its negligible enamel and dentin destruction. It is anticipated that the biocompatible Cu-CDs presented in this work are a promising nano-mouthwash for eliminating oral pathogenic biofilms, prompting wound healing as well as tooth whitening, highlighting their significance in oral health management.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Copper Doped Carbon Dots for Addressing Bacterial Biofilm Formation, Wound Infection, and Tooth Staining

Huang

et al. 2022

ACS Nano

110

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“…Biofilm structure (cells and matrix together) may be treated as colloidal hydrogel where so called 'boundwater' , including pores and channels, plays a crucial role for its function [41]. It may be thus hypothesized, the more bound-water is adsorbed to biofilm's EPM, the greater effectiveness of HY [48]. This compound displayed the highest ability to eradicate biofilm formed by C. albicans, L. rhamnosus and S. aureus (Fig.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The antibiofilm activity of selected substances used in oral health prophylaxis

et al. 2022

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Oral health is a window to a patient’s general well-being. Balance in oral microbiome functions is crucial for health maintenance. A state of oral dysbiosis may lead to a variety of local and systemic pathological conditions. The presence of dental plaque is related to the majority of oral infections. Proper oral hygiene is crucial and the most economic practice contributing to oral health prophylaxis. Aside from prophylactic treatments provided by dental practitioners, mouth rinses, containing antimicrobial agents, are one of the possible tools used for oral care. Our study was to determine whether available mouth rinses and selected products dedicated for professional use are efficient to eradicate biofilm formed by reference and clinical strains of Streptococcus mutans, Streptococcus sanguinis, Streptococcus oralis, Streptococcus mitis, Staphylococcus aureus, Enterococcus faecalis, Lactobacillus rhamnosus and Candida albicans on the surface of hydroxyapatite – major mineral component of a tooth. Therefore, such antimicrobials as chlorhexidine, cetylpyridine chloride, polyhexanide, silver nanoparticles, sulphonated phenolics, and natural antiplaque essential oils and coconut oil were analyzed. Applied experimental settings in in vitro models were designed to reflect accurately the recommended use of the tested substances, therefore four types of eradication procedure were conducted. Sialorrhea simulation was also performed to evaluate antibiofilm potential of diluted mouth rinses. Biofilm was investigated with quantitative method where absorbance values were measured. Statistical differences were assessed using the Kruskal–Wallis test with a post-hoc Dunnett’s analysis. Results have shown that biofilms displayed a diversified sensitivity to the tested antimicrobials. The highest antibiofilm activity was detected for cetylpyridine chloride while the lowest for chlorhexidine. However the differences in E. faecalis biofilm reduction observed after the use of these two compounds were not statistically significant (p > 0.05), whereas all observed differences in S. aureus survival after exposure to the examined antimicrobial agents were statistically significant (p < 0.5). The PHMB, both in standard and in sialorrhea simulated conditions had the highest potential against streptococci. The coconut oil reduced C. albicans fungus biofilm by 65.48% but low eradication level was observed in case of bacterial biofilms. The dehydrating mechanism of action of sulfonated phenolics turned out to be ineffective against streptococcal biofilm which in turn was effectively eradicated by silver nanoparticles. The implementation of Antibiofilm Dressing's Activity Measurement method allowed to observe strain-related differences in terms of antimicrobial sensitivity. The obtained results may be introduced in everyday out-patient dental plaque prophylaxis as well as clinical environment.

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“…As previously discussed, biofilms contain channels and pores for nutrient and waste transportation between cells and their environment. 490,508,583 These channels and pores range in size, from ≈10 nm to the micrometer scale, depending on function. 473,522,584,585 The EPS matrix displays an overall anionic charge, due to its composition.…”

Section: Biofilm Inhibition Through Nanoscale Materials and Self-asse...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Advancements in antimicrobial nanoscale materials and self-assembling systems

et al. 2022

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Water in bacterial biofilms: pores and channels, storage and transport functions

Cited by 67 publications

References 113 publications

Copper Doped Carbon Dots for Addressing Bacterial Biofilm Formation, Wound Infection, and Tooth Staining

Copper Doped Carbon Dots for Addressing Bacterial Biofilm Formation, Wound Infection, and Tooth Staining

The antibiofilm activity of selected substances used in oral health prophylaxis

Advancements in antimicrobial nanoscale materials and self-assembling systems

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