Water-in-Salt Electrolyte for Potassium-Ion Batteries

Leonard, Daniel P.; Wei, Zhixuan; Chen, Gang; Du, Fei; Ji, Xiulei

doi:10.1021/acsenergylett.8b00009

Cited by 263 publications

(233 citation statements)

References 14 publications

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“…When coupled with Zn anode, the battery shows impressive 1.9 V open‐circuit voltage, and 142 mAh g −1 at 3 C (416 mA g −1 ). Recently, a “water‐in‐salt” electrolyte of concentrated potassium acetate (KAc) solution was utilized by Ji and co‐workers to extend electrochemical window for AKIBs . In virtue of the wide electrochemical window (from −1.7 to 1.5 V vs Ag/AgCl), KTi 2 (PO 4 ) 3 (KTP, only feasible in nonaqueous electrolyte previously) can be evaluated as anode in 30 m KAc, and it can deliver 53 mAh g −1 specific capacity .…”

Section: Aqueous Rechargeable Batteries Using Monovalent Ions (Li+ Nmentioning

confidence: 99%

Recent Progress of Rechargeable Batteries Using Mild Aqueous Electrolytes

et al. 2018

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Given the low cost, ease of fabrication, high safety, and environmental‐friendly characteristics, aqueous rechargeable batteries using mild aqueous solutions as electrolytes (pH is close to 7) and a monovalent/multivalent metal ion as charge carrier, are attracting extensive attention for energy storage. However, accompanied by advantages of mild aqueous electrolyte mentioned above, there are some challenges that stand in the way of the development of these aqueous rechargeable batteries, such as the narrow stable electrochemical window of water, instability of electrode materials, undesired side reactions, etc. In recent years, a massive effort is devoted to overcoming the drawbacks, and some encouraging works have arisen. In this review, the latest advances of electrolyte and electrode materials in aqueous batteries based on monovalent ion (Li+, Na+, K+) and multivalent ion (Zn2+, Mg2+, Ca2+, Al3+) are briefly reviewed.

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Section: Aqueous Rechargeable Batteries Using Monovalent Ions (Li+ Nmentioning

confidence: 99%

Recent Progress of Rechargeable Batteries Using Mild Aqueous Electrolytes

et al. 2018

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“…[81] Since the ratio of water to the lithium salt is smaller than unity, the electrolyte is considered as a water-in-salt in lieu of saltin-water (similar to the terminology quoted in Section 2.2). Albeit, the idea of water-in-salt has been used for the fabrication of supercapacitors [88,89] sodium-ion batteries (SIBs), [85,90,91] and potassium-ion batteries (KIBs) [92] too. Unfortunately, this brilliant approach has not appropriately attracted the attention of researchers in the field, and the majority of available papers are still by the same research group.…”

Section: Water-in-saltmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…[89,92] The key feature of this novel class of ARLB electrolytes is the capability of forming a protective SEI on the electrode surface, which can defer the evolution reactions. The stable potential window widens by the molality of the salt.…”

Section: Water-in-saltmentioning

confidence: 99%

High‐Energy Aqueous Lithium Batteries

Eftekhari¹

2018

Advanced Energy Materials

157

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research, aqueous electrolytes were occasionally employed for the investigation of cathode materials instead of the conventional nonaqueous electrolytes. [9,10] It was discussed that the simplicity of an aqueous electrolyte provides a better opportunity for the fundamental studies of the process of intercalation/deintercalation of Li-ions as opposed to the nonaqueous electrolytes. For instance, although the formation of solid electrolyte interphase (SEI) is of utmost importance for the cyclability of LIB, the significant role of the electrolyte does not allow to exclusively study the electrochemical behavior of the electrode material under consideration. The current research has specifically targeted the development of ARLBs, but in practice, most of the recent papers have followed the same line of research in investigating a limited range of cathode and anode materials in the same aqueous electrolytes. [11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19][20][21][22][23][24][25][26][27][28] A possible reason is that the key advantage of ARLBs was low cost, and thus, the focus was limited to a few inexpensive materials (e.g., lithium salts). Aqueous electrolytes are definitely excellent choices for the fundamental studies of electrode materials, but the practical development of ARLBs needs overcoming the key obstacles rather than finding more cathode materials.In any case, aqueous electrolytes were occasionally used during the 2000s by various research groups, but there was no vivid plan for the development of ARLBs. These works have been extensively reviewed before, [29][30][31][32][33] and it is not aimed to repeat the general works on aqueous electrolytes here. During the recent years, new opportunities have been introduced, which can extend the stable potential window of aqueous electrolyte to the range of 3-4 V. Upon this advancement, aqueous electrolytes can fairly compete with the conventional nonaqueous electrolytes for the fabrication of cheaper and safer LIBs. On the other hand, novel designs such as self-healing [34] or flexible [16,35,36] ARLBs have paved the path for new practical potentials of aqueous electrolytes. The present paper specifically focuses on the recent advancements and attempts to foster the strategy of research to shed light on the pathway of this emerging area of research. Two factors are directly responsible for achieving a high energy density, the specific capacity, and the cell voltage. Since the former is not massively controlled by the electrolyte and the specific capacity of most electroactive Owing to the high voltage of lithium-ion batteries (LIBs), the dominating electrolyte is non-aqueous. The idea of an aqueous rechargeable lithium battery (ARLB) dates back to 1994, but it had attracted little attention due to the narrow stable potential window of aqueous electrolytes, which results in low energy density. However, aqueous electrolytes were employed during the 2000s for the fundamental studies of electrode materials in the absence of side reactions such as the decomposition of organic spec...

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“…Further, this combination of aqueous KIB could achieve an energy density of 80 Wh kg −1 with a good rate capability (20C) and wide temperature range of −20 to 60 °C . A study conducted by Ji et al, utilized KTi 2 (PO 4 ) 3 as anode and potassium‐acetate‐based aqueous solution as electrolytes . This study reported a working voltage window of 3.2 V (−1.7 to 1.5 V vs Ag/AgCl KCl sat ) for aqueous KIBs, which is considered to be very high operating voltage window for aqueous KIBs.…”

Section: Different Electrolytesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The aqueous electrolyte‐based KIBs are considered to be a potential candidate for the grid‐scale applications mainly due to its non‐flammable nature . Other advantages of using aqueous batteries are its low cost, sustainability, environmental friendly nature, stability in air, ability to withstand overcharge due to the oxygen cycle, high electrolyte conductivity, etc.…”

Section: Different Electrolytesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Advancements and Challenges in Potassium Ion Batteries: A Comprehensive Review

Rajagopalan

Tang

et al. 2020

Adv Funct Materials

702

401

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Demand for energy in day to day life is increasing exponentially. However, existing energy storage technologies like lithium ion batteries cannot stand alone to fulfill future needs. In this regard, potassium ion batteries (KIBs) that utilize K ions in their charge storage mechanism have attracted considerable attention due to their unique properties and are therefore established as one of the future battery systems of interest among the scientific community. Nevertheless, the development and identification of appropriate electrode materials is very essential for practical applications. This review features the current development in KIBs electrode and electrolyte materials, the present challenges facing this technology (in the commercial aspect), and future aspects to develop fully functional KIBs. The potassium storage mechanisms, evolution of the KIBs, and the advantages and disadvantages of each category of materials are included. Additionally, various approaches to enhance the electrochemical performances of KIBs are also discussed. This review is not only an amalgamation of different viewpoints in literature, but also contains concise perspectives and strategies. Moreover, the potential emergence of a novel class of K‐based dual ion batteries is also analyzed for the first time.

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Water-in-Salt Electrolyte for Potassium-Ion Batteries

Cited by 263 publications

References 14 publications

Recent Progress of Rechargeable Batteries Using Mild Aqueous Electrolytes

Recent Progress of Rechargeable Batteries Using Mild Aqueous Electrolytes

High‐Energy Aqueous Lithium Batteries

Advancements and Challenges in Potassium Ion Batteries: A Comprehensive Review

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