Water Quality Monitoring with Arduino Based Sensors

Hong, Wong Jun; Shamsuddin, Norazanita; Abas, Pg Emeroylariffion; Apong, Rosyzie Anna; Masri, Zarifi; Suhaimi, Hazwani; Gödeke, Stefan; Noh, Muhammad Nafi Aqmal

doi:10.3390/environments8010006

Cited by 65 publications

(40 citation statements)

References 23 publications

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“…In addition, this study also looked into the water quality of the nearby springs [30]. Only limited water quality studies in the region have been conducted [31].…”

Section: Geological and Hydrogeological Settingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Soil and Groundwater Investigation for Sustainable Agricultural Development: A Case Study from Brunei Darussalam

et al. 2022

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Brunei has made significant progress in agricultural development over the past four decades. However, crop production, such as rice, is still insufficient to meet the demands of the growing population, mainly due to the scarcity of water resources, acidic soils, and advancing environmental deterioration. This study conducted soil and groundwater investigations at three selected rice cultivation sites in Brunei Darussalam. The geoelectrical resistivity method using the vertical electrical sounding (VES) technique delineated subsurface stratigraphy with resistivities ranging from 1 to 180 Ωm in the investigated area. A potential aquifer zone was inferred in one of the surveyed areas with resistivities ranging from 10 to 150 Ωm at depths of about 40 to 60 m below ground level. Groundwater levels were also shallower in irrigated sites compared to non-irrigated sites. Groundwater physicochemical properties revealed high alkalinity and mineralisation, as evident from high magnesium, bicarbonate, ammoniacal nitrogen, and iron, as well as pH values in the water samples, believed to be the effects of leaching of salt ions into the shallow aquifer through infiltration recharge. In addition, soil physicochemical properties showed that the soils near a pumping well were more acidic, had lower moisture, and total nutrients, likely due to the effects of groundwater pumping. Our results demonstrate that future irrigation activities need to consider local aquifer characteristics, groundwater flow paths, and nutrient transport to ensure sustainable development in agricultural areas.

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“…In addition, this study also looked into the water quality of the nearby springs [30]. Only limited water quality studies in the region have been conducted [31].…”

Section: Geological and Hydrogeological Settingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Soil and Groundwater Investigation for Sustainable Agricultural Development: A Case Study from Brunei Darussalam

et al. 2022

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“…Planar sensors can be used in the real environment and can offer a low-cost solution to monitor specific changes in water quality. The sensing platform can then be coupled with appropriate microcontrollers and wireless hardware, enabling remote operation in mining-affected rivers for true online monitoring [ 107 , 108 ].…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Microwave Sensors for In Situ Monitoring of Trace Metals in Polluted Water

Frau

Wylie

Byrne

et al. 2021

Sensors

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Thousands of pollutants are threatening our water supply, putting at risk human and environmental health. Between them, trace metals are of significant concern, due to their high toxicity at low concentrations. Abandoned mining areas are globally one of the major sources of toxic metals. Nowadays, no method can guarantee an immediate response for quantifying these pollutants. In this work, a novel technique based on microwave spectroscopy and planar sensors for in situ real-time monitoring of water quality is described. The sensors were developed to directly probe water samples, and in situ trial measurements were performed in freshwater in four polluted mining areas in the UK. Planar microwave sensors were able detect the water pollution level with an immediate response specifically depicted at three resonant peaks in the GHz range. To the authors’ best knowledge, this is the first time that planar microwave sensors were tested in situ, demonstrating the ability to use this method for classifying more and less polluted water using a multiple-peak approach.

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“…Smart health sensors are used to collect human physiology information as well and use gateways and clouds to analyze and store the information and wirelessly send the analyzed data to caregivers for further analysis and review [130]. The IoT can also be operated in smart cities for (1) improving infrastructure, public transportation [125], and electrical conductivity thanks to smart grids that combine the information and communications technologies into an electricity network [131] and (2) helping predict natural disasters with the combination of sensors and their autonomous coordination and simulation [132]. However, the IoT is not limited to public uses.…”

Section: Iot Hardware Modulesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Management and Sustainable Exploitation of Marine Environments through Smart Monitoring and Automation

Glaviano

Esposito

Cosmo

et al. 2022

JMSE

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Monitoring of aquatic ecosystems has been historically accomplished by intensive campaigns of direct measurements (by probes and other boat instruments) and indirect extensive methods such as aero-photogrammetry and satellite detection. These measurements characterized the research in the last century, with significant but limited improvements within those technological boundaries. The newest advances in the field of smart devices and increased networking capabilities provided by emerging tools, such as the Internet of Things (IoT), offer increasing opportunities to provide accurate and precise measurements over larger areas. These perspectives also correspond to an increasing need to promptly respond to frequent catastrophic impacts produced by drilling stations and intense transportation activities of dangerous materials over ocean routes. The shape of coastal ecosystems continuously varies due to increasing anthropic activities and climatic changes, aside from touristic activities, industrial impacts, and conservation practices. Smart buoy networks (SBNs), autonomous underwater vehicles (AUVs), and multi-sensor microsystems (MSMs) such as smart cable water (SCW) are able to learn specific patterns of ecological conditions, along with electronic “noses”, permitting them to set innovative low-cost monitoring stations reacting in real time to the signals of marine environments by autonomously adapting their monitoring programs and eventually sending alarm messages to prompt human intervention. These opportunities, according to multimodal scenarios, are dramatically changing both the coastal monitoring operations and the investigations over large oceanic areas by yielding huge amounts of information and partially computing them in order to provide intelligent responses. However, the major effects of these tools on the management of marine environments are still to be realized, and they are likely to become evident in the next decade. In this review, we examined from an ecological perspective the most striking innovations applied by various research groups around the world and analyzed their advantages and limits to depict scenarios of monitoring activities made possible for the next decade.

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Water Quality Monitoring with Arduino Based Sensors

Cited by 65 publications

References 23 publications

Soil and Groundwater Investigation for Sustainable Agricultural Development: A Case Study from Brunei Darussalam

Soil and Groundwater Investigation for Sustainable Agricultural Development: A Case Study from Brunei Darussalam

Microwave Sensors for In Situ Monitoring of Trace Metals in Polluted Water

Management and Sustainable Exploitation of Marine Environments through Smart Monitoring and Automation

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