Water soluble inorganic species of PM10 and PM2.5 at an urban site of Delhi, India: Seasonal variability and sources

Saxena, Mohit; Sharma, Ashima; Sen, Amarnath; Saxena, Priyanka; Saraswati,; Mandal, T. K.; Sharma, S.K.; Sharma, Chhatra Mani

doi:10.1016/j.atmosres.2016.10.005

Cited by 110 publications

(53 citation statements)

References 74 publications

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“…Sulfur vaporization and its subsequent condensation and reaction could be the most dominant pathways for sulfate formation (40-70 wt% in submicrometer ash) (Buhre et al 2005). Figure 3b compares the anions (Cl -, NO 3 -, and SO 4 2-) and cations (NH 4 þ , K þ , Na þ , Ca 2þ , and Mg 2þ ) at different burning temperatures (Saxena et al 2017). The ionic balance showed the deficit of cations relative to anions at elevated burning temperatures (700 C, 900 C, and 1,100 C).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…For the determination of elements, the filtered extract was digested with HNO 3 and HCl (3:1) and was concentrated in 0.5 mL using a microwave digester (Ethos 1600, Milestone, Shelton, CT, USA). The concentrated sample was reconstituted to 10 mL with a 2% HNO 3 solution, and the sample was introduced to an inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometer (ICP-MS) (7500CE, Agilent Technologies, Wilmington, DE, USA) to determine the elements: Al, As, Ba, Cd, Co, Cu, Fe, Mn, Ni, Pb, Sr, Ti, V, and Zn (Saxena et al 2017;Lee et al 2018).…”

Section: Experimental Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Physicochemical properties and oxidative potential of fine particles produced from coal combustion

Joo

Batmunkh

Borlaza

et al. 2018

Aerosol Science and Technology

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The physical and chemical properties as well as the oxidative potential (OP) of water soluble components of coal combustion fine particles were examined. A laboratory-scale pulverized-coal burning system was used to produce coal combustion particles at different burning temperatures of 550 C, 700 C, 900 C, and 1,100 C. Few studies have reported the effects of burning temperature on both the chemistry and toxicity of coal combustion particles. The highest mass emission factor of particulate matter less than 2.5 mm (PM 2.5) was found to be produced at 700 C (3.51 g/kg), owing to strong elemental carbon (EC) emission and ash formation (ions and elements) resulting from the incomplete combustion of tar and char, and mineral fragmentation. The highest organic carbon in PM 2.5 was found at 550 C. At a temperature higher than 700 C, the fraction of carbonaceous species decreased while the fractions of ions and elements increased owing to ash formation. Sulfate was found to be the dominant ionic species, followed by sodium, calcium, and magnesium. The highest emission of elements (Al,

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Experimental Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Physicochemical properties and oxidative potential of fine particles produced from coal combustion

Joo

Batmunkh

Borlaza

et al. 2018

Aerosol Science and Technology

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“…The major source contributions of carbonaceous aerosols reported from South Asia in cities like Ahmedabad (Rengarajan et al 2011), Mahabubnagar (Bisht et al 2015, and Karachi (Shahid et al 2016) are from biomass burning. On the other hand, fossil fuel combustion was expected to be the major source of EC and OC in mega cities such as Delhi (Saxena et al 2017), Lahore (Alam et al 2014) and Dhaka (Begum et al 2012). A year-round study using source-diagnostic 14 C-EC shows that both fossil and biomass combustion processes are about equally responsible for the emission of EC over South Asia (Gustafsson et al 2009;Budhavant et al 2015c).…”

Section: Carbonaceous Aerosolsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Anthropogenic fine aerosols dominate over the Pune region, Southwest India

Gawhane

Rao

Budhavant

et al. 2018

Meteorol Atmos Phys

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The major water-soluble ions, organic carbon (OC), elemental carbon (EC) and mass concentration of fine-(PM 2.5 ) and coarse-mode (PM 10-2.5 ) aerosols were measured at Pune during January-December 2016. The mass closure approach was used by comparing the sum of the masses of the individual chemical species to the gravimetric PM obtained by weighting the filter samples. The 1 year mean total mass concentration of fine and coarse mode was 40 µgm −3 (64%) and 23 µg m −3 (36%), respectively. The PM 2.5 /PM 10 ratio was 0.64 ± 0.9 indicating an abundance of fine-mode particles over Pune during the study period. A principal component analysis identified three components, where the one with highest explanatory power (59%) displayed clear impact of anthropogenic sources on the measured mass concentration of a majority of the compounds. The strong linear relationships between EC, OC, nss-SO 4 2− and nss-K + suggest a predominance of a common primary source, with a contribution from biofuel as well as biomass burning sources. Keeping the strong correlation and sources of individual chemical species as the base, it was noticed that (1) major contributors to fine-and coarse-mode particles over the Pune regions are carbonaceous aerosols and secondary inorganic aerosols (non-sea-salt SO 4 2− , NO 3 − , and NH 4 + ), (2) anthropogenic aerosols contribute mostly to the fine-mode, and (3) meteorological parameters play an important role in controlling levels of fine-and coarse-mode particles. Taken together, the study clearly indicates the dominance of anthropogenic sources during the entire year with more significance in the winter season.

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“…Water-soluble inorganic ions are important chemical components of PM2.5, and a large number of studies have been carried out around the world (Deng et al, 2016;Huang et al, 2016;Liang et al, 2018;Luo et al, 2018;Masiol et al, 2015;Meng et al, 2016;Ming et al, 2017;Niu et al, 2016;Saxena et al, 2017;Szigeti et al, 2015;Tolis et al, 2015;Zhang et al, 2019). However, due to differences in geographical location, meteorological conditions, energy structure and industrial layout, results of these studies varied greatly.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Chemical Composition of Aerosols in the West Coast of Taiwan Strait, China

Zhao¹,

Yang²

2019

Int. Arch. Photogramm. Remote Sens. Spatial Inf. Sci.

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Abstract. The chemical composition of aerosols was investigated using regular environmental air quality observation, a single particle aerosol mass spectrometer (SPAMS 0515) and an ambient ion monitor (URG 9000D) in Xiamen in 2018. The results showed that the annual average mass concentrations of PM2.5 was 22 μm/m3, and concentrations of water-soluble inorganic ions was 9.94 μm/m3 which accounted for 45.2% of PM2.5. SO42−, NO3− and NH4+ were main components of secondary reactions which contributed more than 77 percent of water-soluble inorganic ion concentration. As a coastal city, Cl− and Na+ contributed 13.9 percent of water-soluble inorganic ion concentration. Based on single particle aerosol mass spectrometer analysing, mobile sources emission was the most important sources of particle matter which contributed over 30%.

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Water soluble inorganic species of PM10 and PM2.5 at an urban site of Delhi, India: Seasonal variability and sources

Cited by 110 publications

References 74 publications

Physicochemical properties and oxidative potential of fine particles produced from coal combustion

Physicochemical properties and oxidative potential of fine particles produced from coal combustion

Anthropogenic fine aerosols dominate over the Pune region, Southwest India

Chemical Composition of Aerosols in the West Coast of Taiwan Strait, China

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