Watermarking of HDR Images in the Spatial Domain With HVS-Imperceptibility

Perez-Daniel, Karina Ruby; García-Ugalde, Francisco; Sánchez, Vı́ctor

doi:10.1109/access.2020.3019517

Cited by 12 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 31 publications

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“…The UVW algorithms [6][7][8] embed a binary watermark by a slight adjustment of the embedding region pixels and guarantee a watermark imperceptibility above 40 dB; however, they do not offer better performance in images without a darkness plain region [15,16]. To exhibit the watermark, these algorithms take advantage of the image enhancement function equipped into the display devices such as GCF [13], brightness [30], contrast [14] and the angle of vision [21,22], such that a complex algorithm is not required. According to the analysis, in both cases, the embedding stage increases the histogram distortion and visual degradation of the watermarked image, disserving watermark imperceptibility.…”

Section: Motivationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Conversely, the YCbCr color model has different advantages that should be considered; the most important are the low correlation between luminance and its chrominance components, the image information accumulated into the luminance Y and any alteration in Y observed in each RGB color channel [34,35]. In this way, the host image becomes the YCbCr color model [30], and the luminance Y is isolated.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Additional Information Delivery to Image Content via Improved Unseen–Visible Watermarking

et al. 2021

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In a practical watermark scenario, watermarks are used to provide auxiliary information; in this way, an analogous digital approach called unseen–visible watermark has been introduced to deliver auxiliary information. In this algorithm, the embedding stage takes advantage of the visible and invisible watermarking to embed an owner logotype or barcodes as watermarks; in the exhibition stage, the equipped functions of the display devices are used to reveal the watermark to the naked eyes, eliminating any watermark exhibition algorithm. In this paper, a watermark complement strategy for unseen–visible watermarking is proposed to improve the embedding stage, reducing the histogram distortion and the visual degradation of the watermarked image. The presented algorithm exhibits the following contributions: first, the algorithm can be applied to any class of images with large smooth regions of low or high intensity; second, a watermark complement strategy is introduced to reduce the visual degradation and histogram distortion of the watermarked image; and third, an embedding error measurement is proposed. Evaluation results show that the proposed strategy has high performance in comparison with other algorithms, providing a high visual quality of the exhibited watermark and preserving its robustness in terms of readability and imperceptibility against geometric and processing attacks.

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Section: Motivationmentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Additional Information Delivery to Image Content via Improved Unseen–Visible Watermarking

et al. 2021

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“…Next, singular value decomposition (SVD) is applied to each LL subband, and finally, the watermark is embedded into the diagonal of the S matrices. Perez et al [7] presented an HDR-IW method using Luma Variation Tolerance. Specifically, the scrambled watermark is embedded into selected HDRI regions with less luma variation, to maintain the image quality.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

HDR image watermarking using saliency detection and quantization index modulation

Ahmed¹,

Kuribayashi²,

Wong³

et al. 2023

Preprint

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High-dynamic range (HDR) images are circulated rapidly over the internet with risks of being exploited for unauthorized usage. To protect these images, some HDR imagebased watermarking (HDR-IW) methods were put forward. However, they inherited the same problem faced by conventional IW methods for standard dynamic range (SDR) images, where only trade-offs among conflicting requirements are managed instead of simultaneous improvement. In this paper, a novel saliency (eye-catching object) detection based trade-off independent HDR-IW is proposed, to simultaneously improve robustness, imperceptibility and payload. First, the host image goes through our proposed salient object detection model to produce a saliency map, which is, in turn, exploited to segment the foreground and background of the host image. Next, the binary watermark is partitioned into the foregrounds and backgrounds using the same mask and scrambled using a random permutation algorithm. Finally, the watermark segments are embedded into selected bit-plane of the corresponding host segments using quantized indexed modulation. Experimental results suggest that the proposed work outperforms state-of-the-art methods in terms of improving the conflicting requirements.

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“…As a very important branch of information hiding, image watermarking is an effective technique to solve the copyright protection problem for images [1]- [10]. The watermarking technique can embed the copyright information into the image to be protected and the information can be extracted when needed.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Reference [2] proposed a spatial-embedding watermarking method based on an attended just noticeable difference (JND) model with color complexity, but it is not robust to geometrical attacks without knowing the geometrical parameters and the efficiency is not high because of the JND model. Reference [10] presented a watermarking method in the spatial domain with HVS-imperceptibility for high dynamic range images, it is also not robust to geometrical attacks. Although color image watermarking using new fractional-order exponent moments in [3] is very robust to different kinds of geometric distortions and attacks, the complexity is very high and the efficiency is not high enough for industrial use.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A DFT and IWT-DCT Based Image Watermarking Scheme for Industry

LI,

ZHANG,

FAN

et al. 2023

IEICE Trans. Inf. & Syst.

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Until today, digital image watermarking has not been large-scale used in the industry. The first reason is that the watermarking efficiency is low and the real-time performance cannot be satisfied. The second reason is that the watermarking scheme cannot cope with various attacks. To solve above problems, this paper presents a multi-domain based digital image watermarking scheme, where a fast DFT (Discrete Fourier Transform) based watermarking method is proposed for synchronization correction and an IWT-DCT (Integer Wavelet Transform-Discrete Cosine Transform) based watermarking method is proposed for information embedding. The proposed scheme has high efficiency during embedding and extraction. Compared with five existing schemes, the robustness of our scheme is very strong and our scheme can cope with many common attacks and compound attacks, and thus can be used in wide application scenarios.

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Watermarking of HDR Images in the Spatial Domain With HVS-Imperceptibility

Cited by 12 publications

References 31 publications

Additional Information Delivery to Image Content via Improved Unseen–Visible Watermarking

Additional Information Delivery to Image Content via Improved Unseen–Visible Watermarking

HDR image watermarking using saliency detection and quantization index modulation

A DFT and IWT-DCT Based Image Watermarking Scheme for Industry

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