Wavelength division with three-dimensional couplers fabricated by filamentation of femtosecond laser pulses

Watanabe, Wataru; Asano, T.; Yamada, Kazuhiro; Itoh, Kazuyoshi; Nishii, Junji

doi:10.1364/ol.28.002491

Cited by 149 publications

(45 citation statements)

References 12 publications

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“…Among these unique advantages of fs laser micromachining, one of important applications is 3D refractive index modification (positive or negative index change with isotropic or anisotropic properties) depending on the laser parameters [7,8]. It was capable and suitable for formation of waveguides, gratings, splitters, couplers, and optical amplifiers etc [1,[9][10][11] by using refractive index change inside glasses. However, the physical origin of the fs laser induced refractive index change (RIC) inside glass still has some controversies.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…A recent study by Little et al [13] revealed that the mechanism of RIC induced by fs laser is depended on the irradiation conditions. There have been many investigations which focused on low repetition-rate regime fs laser (generally 1 kHz) induced RIC [1,[9][10][11][12][13]. However, the RIC induced by low repetition rate fs laser is small (generally about 10 −3 or 10 −4 ), optical elements e.g.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Different refractive index change behavior in borosilicate glasses induced by 1 kHz and 250 kHz femtosecond lasers

Geng

Luo

et al. 2011

Opt. Mater. Express

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Abstract:We report on different refractive index change (RIC) behavior in borosilicate glasses induced by focused 1 kHz and 250 kHz femtosecond (fs) laser irradiation. The influence of fs laser irradiation condition and annealing temperature on RIC was examined. Absorption, electron spin resonance and Raman spectra, and transmission electron microscope were used to clarify the mechanisms of the RIC. Smaller RIC (up to 10 −4 ) was observed after 1 kHz fs laser irradiation, while larger RIC (up to 10 −1 ) was detected after 250 kHz fs laser irradiation, which were ascribed to the formation of color centers and precipitation of nanocrystals, respectively. The result highlights that the mechanisms of RIC induced by fs laser can be very different depending on the irradiation conditions.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Different refractive index change behavior in borosilicate glasses induced by 1 kHz and 250 kHz femtosecond lasers

Geng

Luo

et al. 2011

Opt. Mater. Express

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“…Ultrafast laser processing has been extensively applied to fabricate 3D photonic devices such as optical couplers and splitters [84], volume Bragg gratings [85], diffractive lenses [86], Mach-Zehnder interferometers (MZIs) [87], and waveguide lasers [88,89]. Such photonic devices rely on the writing of 3D optical waveguides that can be easily inscribed in transparent materials such as glass, crystalline materials, and polymers by inducing permanent refractive index changes in the focal volumes of tightly focused ultrafast laser pulses [90].…”

Section: D Photonic Devicesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…12(a)). This two-step procedure results in the formation of 3D microfluidic structures inside glass such as photosensitive glass [96,98,99] and fused silica [84,100]. The microchannels fabricated by FLAE inevitably become wider than the laser-exposed regions and are tapered because of an etch selectivity ratio of approximately 50 between the laser-exposed and laser-unexposed regions.…”

Section: D Microfluidics and Optofluidicsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Progress in ultrafast laser processing and future prospects

Sugioka

2017

Nanophotonics

180

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Abstract:The unique characteristics of ultrafast lasers have rapidly revolutionized materials processing after their first demonstration in 1987. The ultrashort pulse width of the laser suppresses heat diffusion to the surroundings of the processed region, which minimizes the formation of a heat-affected zone and thereby enables ultrahigh precision micro-and nanofabrication of various materials. In addition, the extremely high peak intensity can induce nonlinear multiphoton absorption, which extends the diversity of materials that can be processed to transparent materials such as glass. Nonlinear multiphoton absorption enables three-dimensional (3D) micro-and nanofabrication by irradiation with tightly focused femtosecond laser pulses inside transparent materials. Thus, ultrafast lasers are currently widely used for both fundamental research and practical applications. This review presents progress in ultrafast laser processing, including micromachining, surface micro-and nanostructuring, nanoablation, and 3D and volume processing. Advanced technologies that promise to enhance the performance of ultrafast laser processing, such as hybrid additive and subtractive processing, and shaped beam processing are discussed. Commercial and industrial applications of ultrafast laser processing are also introduced. Finally, future prospects of the technology are given with a summary.

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“…In the last decade there has been a growth attention on methods to process materials for the development of devices. Femtosecond laser micromachining has prompted as a potential approach in this direction, enabling the production of several optical devices, from interferometers to waveguide couplers [9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16]. This technique presents several advantages when compared to other approaches, being a direct processing method, single-step and maskless [17][18][19][20].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%