Weight change from childhood to adulthood and cardiovascular risk factors and outcomes in adulthood: A systematic review of the literature

Sun, Jiahong; Xi, Bo; Yang, Lili; Zhao, Min; Juonala, Markus; Magnussen, Costan G.

doi:10.1111/obr.13138

Cited by 33 publications

(36 citation statements)

References 102 publications

(268 reference statements)

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“…Our study found that compared with the persistent non-obese children, those once obese children have a doubled risk of HBP, while the newly developed obesity children tripled the HBP risk of the reference group. Our finding is similar to a recent systematic review about weight change from childhood to adulthood and later life cardiovascular risk factors [37], showing that the related risks reduced when children with obesity turned to be non-obese, and even eliminated when obesity turned to normal weight. But at the same time there are inconsistent studies, for example, Michael's study showed that every single period of obesity could be detrimental to the BP profile no matter the weight status in other periods [36].…”

Section: Different Gob or Aob Status Change With Risk Of Hbpsupporting

confidence: 91%

“…Along with the epidemic of obesity the prevalence of HBP in children has also increased in recent years, cross-sectional association between obesity and HBP has been well documented, but whether the obesity status change without intervention would have an immediate impact on HBP among children has not been concluded [36][37][38][39]. Our study found that compared with the persistent non-obese children, those once obese children have a doubled risk of HBP, while the newly developed obesity children tripled the HBP risk of the reference group.…”

Section: Different Gob or Aob Status Change With Risk Of Hbpmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Impact of short-term change of adiposity on risk of high blood pressure in children: Results from a follow-up study in China

et al. 2021

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This study aimed to examine the impact of short-term adiposity change on risk of high blood pressure (HBP), and to assess the low limit range of body mass index (BMI) and waist-to-height ratio (WHtR) reduction proposed to decrease the HBP risk in children. Children were longitudinally surveyed at baseline and after a short-term follow-up. General obesity (GOB) is categorized by age and gender-specific BMI cut-off points, abdominal obesity (AOB) by WHtR. Logistic regression model was used to estimate relations between adiposity change and HBP risk with adjustment of covariates. A total of 28,288 children (median of baseline age:10 years) were involved with follow-up of 6.88±1.20 months. After the follow-up, 9.4% of the children had persistent general obesity (GOB), 2.8% converted from GOB to non-GOB, 0.9% had newly developed GOB. When compared with children remained non-GOB, children with continuous GOB status, newly developed GOB, converting from GOB to non-GOB had 5.03-fold (95%CI: 4.32~5.86), 3.35-fold (95%CI: 1.99~5.65), 2.72-fold (2.03~3.63) HBP risk, respectively. Similar findings were observed for abdominal obesity (AOB). Reduction of 0.21–0.88 kg/m2 of baseline BMI (0.86–3.59%) or 0.009–0.024 of baseline WHtR (1.66–4.42%) in GOB or AOB children, respectively, was associated with significant decrease in HBP risk. Children with persistent obesity, newly developed obesity, or converting from obese to non-obese had significantly higher HBP risk. For children with GOB or AOB, reduction of <3.6% in BMI or <4.5% in WHtR could decrease the HBP risk.

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Section: Different Gob or Aob Status Change With Risk Of Hbpsupporting

confidence: 91%

Section: Different Gob or Aob Status Change With Risk Of Hbpmentioning

confidence: 99%

Impact of short-term change of adiposity on risk of high blood pressure in children: Results from a follow-up study in China

et al. 2021

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“…Our data suggest that those children who are overweight or obese might be most vulnerable to the effects of incident or persistent elevated BP on LVMI. As resolving excess weight status is difficult, even in childhood ( 30 ), the high proportion of children able to resolve elevated BP status and the potential benefit to LVMI, as we observed, suggest programs aimed at managing BP among overweight or obese children could be prioritized.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 80%

Two-Year Change in Blood Pressure Status and Left Ventricular Mass Index in Chinese Children

Duan

Zhao

et al. 2021

Front. Med.

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Background: Elevated blood pressure (BP) is associated with target organ damage, such as left ventricular hypertrophy (LVH), in childhood. However, it is unclear if children who resolve elevated BP have reduced levels of left ventricular mass index (LVMI). This study aimed to examine the association between change in BP status over 2 years and LVMI among Chinese children.Methods: Data were from 1,183 children aged 6–11 years at baseline in 2017 who were followed up in 2019 in the Huantai Childhood Cardiovascular Health Cohort Study. Change in BP status over 2 years from baseline to follow-up was categorized as: persistent normal BP, resolved elevated BP (elevated BP at baseline, normal BP at follow-up), incident elevated BP (normal BP at baseline, elevated BP at follow-up), and persistent elevated BP. Elevated BP status was defined according to national reference standards as systolic or diastolic BP levels ≥ sex-, age-, and height-specific 95th percentiles.Results: LVMI levels were lowest in children with persistent normal BP (30.13 g/m2.7), higher in those with incident elevated BP (31.27 g/m2.7), and highest in those with persistent elevated BP (33.26 g/m2.7). However, LVMI levels in those who had resolved elevated BP (30.67 g/m2.7) were similar to those with persistent normal BP. In the fully adjusted model, compared with children with persistent normal BP, those with persistent elevated BP and incident elevated BP had higher LVMI at follow-up (ß = 3.131, p < 0.001; ß = 1.143, p = 0.041, respectively). In contrast, those who had resolved elevated BP did not have a significantly higher LVMI (ß = 0.545, p = 0.194) than those with persistent normal BP.Conclusion: Developing or maintaining elevated BP over a 2-year period in childhood associated with higher levels of LVMI, but those able to resolve their elevated BP status over the same period had LVMI levels that were similar with those who had normal BP at both time points. Thus, it is important to identify children with elevated BP at early time and to take effective measures to lower their BP levels, thereby reducing high LVMI levels and related cardiovascular diseases in the future.

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“…7 Similar findings were showed in one most recent systematic review on weight change from childhood to adulthood and cardiovascular risk factors and outcomes in adulthood. 20 However, findings from the Young Finns Study showed that participants with a BMI trajectory of resolving their overweight/obese weight status from childhood to adulthood had a higher risk of high cIMT in adulthood (although the risk was lower than participants with the trajectory of stable overweight or obesity) compared with participants with stable normal weight. 6 The difference observed between these studies might be due to the different statistical approaches and exposure definitions that were used.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Two‐year change in weight status and high carotid intima‐media thickness in Chinese children

Liu

et al. 2021

Pediatric Obesity

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Background: No studies have assessed the association between change in weight status and subclinical cardiovascular outcomes in children. Objective: To examine the association of change in weight status over 2 years with carotid intima-media thickness (cIMT) among Chinese children. Methods: A total of 1184 children aged 6-11 years at baseline with complete data were included, and there were 1073 children after excluding those with cIMT ≥ sexand age-specific 90th percentile values at baseline. Overweight (including obesity) at baseline or follow-up was defined by criteria for overweight and obesity for Chinese school-aged children and adolescents. High cIMT at follow-up was defined as cIMT ≥ age-and sex-specific 90th percentile based on the study population at follow-up.Results: Compared with children who were in persistent normal-weight group, those in the incident or persistent overweight groups had higher cIMT change

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Weight change from childhood to adulthood and cardiovascular risk factors and outcomes in adulthood: A systematic review of the literature

Cited by 33 publications

References 102 publications

Impact of short-term change of adiposity on risk of high blood pressure in children: Results from a follow-up study in China

Impact of short-term change of adiposity on risk of high blood pressure in children: Results from a follow-up study in China

Two-Year Change in Blood Pressure Status and Left Ventricular Mass Index in Chinese Children

Two‐year change in weight status and high carotid intima‐media thickness in Chinese children

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