Weight loss in pregnancy and cardiometabolic profile in childhood: findings from a longitudinal birth cohort

Abstract

Objective To investigate the consequences of weight loss in pregnancy on pregnancy outcomes and cardiometabolic profile in childhood.Design Prospective birth cohort (ABCD study). Population 7818 pregnant women were included, of which 3165 consented to having their children examined at 5-6 years of age. In 1956 children fasting capillary blood samples were also taken.Methods At antenatal booking, women answered questions about their pregnancy and whether they suffered from severe weight loss (SWL; >5 kg). Pregnancy details and outcomes were available through the obstetric caregiver.Main outcome measures At birth main outcome measures were prematurity (<37 weeks) and birthweight. At follow-up, body mass index (BMI), blood pressure, glucose and lipids were assessed.Results SWL occurred in 6.8% of cases. Women with SWL had similar preterm birth rates compared with women without these complaints (adjusted OR 1.1, 95%CI 0.7, 1.7). Birthweight (adjusted difference -31 g, 95%CI À76, 15) and BMI at 5-6 years of age (adjusted difference 0.2 kg/m 2 , 95%CI 0.0, 0.5) were similar in children born to mothers with SWL and without SWL, but blood pressure was increased. For diastolic blood pressure this association was independent of confounders (adjusted difference 1.4 mmHg, 95%CI 0.4, 2.4). Lipid and glucose levels were not significantly different between these groups.Conclusion Early pregnancy weight loss, usually occurring as a manifestation of hyperemesis gravidarum, could have long-term consequences for offspring health.

Long-Term Effects of Prenatal Exposure to Undernutrition on Cannabinoid Receptor-Related Behaviors: Sex and Tissue-Specific Alterations in the mRNA Expression of Cannabinoid Receptors and Lipid Metabolic Regulators

“…Moreover, their offspring displayed normoweight at birth and during lactation in a sex and diet-independent manner. This finding is in agreement with previous studies in humans, which demonstrated that offspring exposed to famine or hyperemesis gravidarum in the first part of pregnancy did not show lower birth weight (Roseboom et al, 2006; Grooten et al, 2015). Similarly, animal studies documented normoweight at birth when the early pregnancy was conducted under caloric restriction (Cleal et al, 2007; Palou et al, 2010; Poore et al, 2010).…”

Relationship between BMI and β-hCG levels with hyperemesis gravidarum in Manado, Indonesia

“…Kandou Hospital, Manado, Indonesia among them 1 patient died due to Wernicke. 11,12 The main objective of this study was to determine the relationship between BMI and β-HCG levels with hyperemesis gravidarum.…”

Hyperemesis gravidarum and cardiometabolic risk factors in adolescents: a follow‐up of the Northern Finland Birth Cohort 1986

“…reported that healthy prepubertal adolescents born to severely hyperemetic mothers (defined as hospitalisation for HG with electrolyte abnormalities) had reduced insulin sensitivity. Grooten et al . showed that offspring born to mothers who suffered from severe weight loss (>5 kg weight loss) during pregnancy, usually occurring as a manifestation of HG, have higher diastolic blood pressure at the age of 5 years in comparison with offspring born to mothers who did not suffer from severe weight loss.…”

“…and Grooten et al. have prompted us to further investigate long‐term consequences of HG on offspring health . The Northern Finland Birth Cohort 1986 (NFBC1986) is a large, prospective population‐based cohort with long‐term follow‐up and information about HG during pregnancy.…”