West Nile Virus Infection in Nonhuman Primate Breeding Colony, Concurrent with Human Epidemic, Southern Louisiana

Ratterree, Marion S.; Rosa, A.P.A. Travassos da; Bohm, Rudolf P.; Cogswell, Frank B.; Phillippi, Kathrine M.; Caillouët, Kevin A.; Schwanberger, Shelle; Shope, Robert E.; Tesh, Robert B.

doi:10.3201/eid0911.030226

Cited by 37 publications

(23 citation statements)

References 24 publications

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“…In contrast, the outbreak of WNV among breeder turkeys in Wisconsin in 2002 was heralded by illness among farm workers ( 4 ). In silent outbreaks, the potential risk for humans is masked yet may still be substantial ( 10 ). In light of growing concerns about a possible avian influenza pandemic, universal precautions, as outlined by the US Department of Labor Occupational Safety and Health Administration ( 11 ), should be applied when working in avian husbandry.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

West Nile Virus Infection in Commercial Waterfowl Operation, Wisconsin

Meece¹,

Kronenwetter-Koepel²,

Vandermause³

et al. 2006

Emerg. Infect. Dis.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

West Nile Virus Infection in Commercial Waterfowl Operation, Wisconsin

Meece¹,

Kronenwetter-Koepel²,

Vandermause³

et al. 2006

Emerg. Infect. Dis.

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“…The virus also infects birds and horses, often lethally, as well as macaques (Cohen et al 2007;Ratterree et al 2003), which have milder symptoms. A live attenuated recombinant vaccine has been constructed from an infectious clone of yellow fever virus (17D), in which the envelope genes of WNV replace those of 17D (Arroyo et al 2004).…”

Section: West Nile Virus (Wnv) (Flaviviridae)mentioning

confidence: 97%

Macaque Models of Human Infectious Disease

Gardner¹,

Luciw²

2008

ILAR Journal

174

133

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Macaques have served as models for more than 70 human infectious diseases of diverse etiologies, including a multitude of agents-bacteria, viruses, fungi, parasites, prions. The remarkable diversity of human infectious diseases that have been modeled in the macaque includes global, childhood, and tropical diseases as well as newly emergent, sexually transmitted, oncogenic, degenerative neurologic, potential bioterrorism, and miscellaneous other diseases. Historically, macaques played a major role in establishing the etiology of yellow fever, polio, and prion diseases. With rare exceptions (Chagas disease, bartonellosis), all of the infectious diseases in this review are of Old World origin. Perhaps most surprising is the large number of tropical (16), newly emergent (7), and bioterrorism diseases (9) that have been modeled in macaques. Many of these human diseases (e.g., AIDS, hepatitis E, bartonellosis) are a consequence of zoonotic infection. However, infectious agents of certain diseases, including measles and tuberculosis, can sometimes go both ways, and thus several human pathogens are threats to nonhuman primates including macaques. Through experimental studies in macaques, researchers have gained insight into pathogenic mechanisms and novel treatment and vaccine approaches for many human infectious diseases, most notably acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS), which is caused by infection with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). Other infectious agents for which macaques have been a uniquely valuable resource for biomedical research, and particularly vaccinology, include influenza virus, paramyxoviruses, flaviviruses, arenaviruses, hepatitis E virus, papillomavirus, smallpox virus, Mycobacteria, Bacillus anthracis, Helicobacter pylori, Yersinia pestis, and Plasmodium species. This review summarizes the extensive past and present research on macaque models of human infectious disease.

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“…These included 19 monkey sera obtained from a serosurvey of rhesus monkeys (Macaca mulatta) housed in outdoor corrals at the Tulane National Primate Research Center in Covington, La. (20), 57 sera obtained from horses in Mexico (9), and convalescent-phase sera from 11 confirmed WNV encephalitis patients and 1 SLEV encephalitis patient (all collected between July and August 2003 from patients infected during the summer of 2002 in Houston, Tex. ), as well as four control sera from flavivirus naive donors.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Use of a Recombinant Envelope Protein Subunit Antigen for Specific Serological Diagnosis of West Nile Virus Infection

et al. 2004

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Serological diagnosis of West Nile virus (WNV) infection is complicated by extensive antigenic crossreactivity with other closely related flaviviruses, such as St. Louis encephalitis virus.Here we describe a recombinant, bacterially expressed antigen equivalent to structural domain III of the WNV envelope protein that has allowed clear discrimination of antibody responses to WNV from those against other related flaviviruses in indirect enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays using standardized control antisera and field-collected samples.Since 1999, the United States has experienced annual epidemics of disease in humans and animals caused by West Nile virus (WNV) over an expanding geographical range. To date during 2003, WNV has been isolated in 46 states and the District of Columbia, and more than 8,500 cases of human disease, resulting in 199 deaths, have been reported (1). Outbreaks of WNV disease with neurological manifestations have also been reported in Eastern Europe, North Africa, and Israel since the mid-1990s (reviewed in reference 17). WNV is clearly an emerging and significant public health problem. Research priorities to limit the impact of WNV include the development of more-specific rapid diagnostic assays (5, 18).WNV is a member of the Japanese encephalitis (JE) virus group of the genus Flavivirus, family Flaviviridae; other members include Japanese encephalitis virus (JEV), found throughout Asia, St. Louis encephalitis virus (SLEV), found in the Americas, and Murray Valley encephalitis virus (MVEV), found in Australia and New Guinea. These viruses have a similar ecology and are antigenically related to WNV, and their cocirculation in several regions of the world has complicated the specific diagnosis of infections by these viruses in humans and other vertebrate hosts (10, 15). Cross-reactions in patients ultimately diagnosed with probable dengue virus infections have also been reported in evaluations of WNV testing assays (19).Previously we have reported the identification of WNVspecific neutralizing epitopes within structural domain III of the WNV envelope (E) protein (2). Earlier investigations with other flaviviruses have also reported the presence of virusspecific epitopes within this region of the E protein (e.g., see references 6, 22, and 25), and other authors have suggested the utility of domain III from dengue virus types 1 to 4 or JEV as antigens for specific serological diagnosis of infections with those flaviviruses (10, 24). These observations led us to investigate the utility of a recombinant, bacterially expressed domain III (r-EIII) antigen derived from the envelope protein of a North American WNV strain (385-99) for discrimination of WNV from other JE virus group infections. MATERIALS AND METHODSExpression and purification of recombinant WNV E protein domain III. Regions corresponding to structural domain III of the WNV strain 385-99 E protein were reverse transcription-PCR amplified for cloning and expression either as a glutathione S-transferase (GST) fusion using the pGEX-2T syste...

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West Nile Virus Infection in Nonhuman Primate Breeding Colony, Concurrent with Human Epidemic, Southern Louisiana

Cited by 37 publications

References 24 publications

West Nile Virus Infection in Commercial Waterfowl Operation, Wisconsin

West Nile Virus Infection in Commercial Waterfowl Operation, Wisconsin

Macaque Models of Human Infectious Disease

Use of a Recombinant Envelope Protein Subunit Antigen for Specific Serological Diagnosis of West Nile Virus Infection

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