Wet air oxidation: a review of process technologies and aspects in reactor design

Carbon materials and catalytic wet air oxidation of organic pollutants in wastewater

“…Alternatively, low temperature oxidation processes replace oxygen by stronger oxidants such as O 3 [9,10] or H 2 O 2 [9,11,12] in combination with an energy input to form reactive OH-radicals [13,14]. Several reviews on catalytic and non-catalytic WAO [4,5,[15][16][17][18][19], supercritical water oxidation (SCWO) [7,8,[20][21][22] and advanced oxidation processes (AOP) [23][24][25] are now available in literature.…”

Wet Oxidation of Dairy Sewage

“…The wet oxidation process is highly non-selective. Most frequently, organic compounds are not decomposed completely, but as a result of the proceeding processes they are converted into intermediate products which are usually less toxic and require less oxygen for their further degradation [2,3].…”

Chemical and toxicological evaluation of an emerging pollutant (enrofloxacin) by catalytic wet air oxidation and ozonation in aqueous solution

“…Generally, the use of high operation temperature would be helpful to the increase of chemical reaction rate due to the promotion of the speed of oxygen mass transfer and the decrease of the viscosity of the reaction solution as well (Kolaczkowski et al, 1999;Bhargava et al, 2006). The effect of reaction temperature ranging from 110°C to 180°C was investigated (data not shown).…”

“…The degradation rate changed slightly from 95.0% to 99.5%; and COD removal remained unchanged (26% COD removal) at oxygen pressures from 0.2 to 0.3 MPa and subsequently increased to 37% at an oxygen pressure of 0.5 MPa. As stated in previous paper, an increase in the oxygen pressure in the gas phase would enhance the dissolved oxygen concentration in the liquid phase, which is beneficial for the oxidation of ENR (Kolaczkowski et al, 1999;Peng et al, 2008a). Therefore, an oxygen pressure of 0.5 MPa was chosen for further experiments and results were evaluated in terms of degradation rate, COD removal and TOC abatement.…”

“…Among the emergent alternative processes, CWAO has been described by numerous authors as an efficient and promising method to treat pollutants like phenols, substituted phenols, carboxylic acids, ammonia and industrial effluents (Kolaczkowski et al, 1999;Kumar et al, 2006;Kim and Ihm, 2011). CWAO exhibits reasonable performance for decomposition of refractory and toxic compounds either by degrading into biodegradable intermediates or into innocuous inorganic compounds by mineralization to carbon dioxide, water and inorganic salts under elevated process temperatures (100-320°C) and pressures (0.1-20 MPa) as reported by many authors (Kayan et al, 2004;Eftaxias et al, 2006;Levec and Pintar, 2007;Kim and Ihm, 2011).…”