What do and what should digital revenue meters measure on distorted networks?

Assessment of the Performance of Active Energy Meters Under Unbalanced Conditions

“…The study published by Hollister [1] in 1915 was one of the first studies to conduct research on the performance of active energy meters under non-ideal conditions in which an analytical approach reflected the essence of the physical meaning of active power under nonsinusoidal conditions and emphasized the impact of the presence of harmonic components on electric energy measurement systems. Since then, several other studies [2], [3], [4], [5], [6], [7], [8] have been published contemplating analytical, computational, or practical studies that cover the performance of active or reactive energy meters under nonsinusoidal conditions.…”

A testing procedure for the new, electronic revenue energy meters

“…The behavior of these new instruments, widely based on Digital Signal Processing (DSP) techniques, is not independent on the input waveforms, and poses several new problems when their measurement uncertainty has to be evaluated [4][5][6][7][8].…”

What is measured by digital revenue meters?

“…Some of the equations of Standard 1459, when implemented by revenue meter manufacturers have the potential to change the billing patterns of known harmonic producing loads and of loads that only sink harmonics thus creating new inequities between customers. The question that remains is what electrical quantities should digital meters be programmed to measure and under what conditions should a particular meter design be selected [7,8]. Rejean …”