What Does Fake Look Like? A Review of the Literature on Intentional Deception in the News and on Social Media

Damstra, Alyt; Boomgaarden, Hajo G.; Broda, Elena; Lindgren, Elina; Strömbäck, Jesper; Tsfati, Yariv; Vliegenthart, Rens

doi:10.1080/1461670x.2021.1979423

Cited by 25 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 71 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Unclassified

Order By: Relevance

“…Grammatical errors can also be a style cue for fake news. According to Damstra et al. (2021), compared to real news, many fake news articles tend to utilize poorer grammar, less punctuation, less lexical diversity, more informal language, and more swear words.…”

Section: Literature Reviewmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Implications of source, content, and style cues in curbing health misinformation and fake news

Ha,

Rahut,

Ofori

et al. 2023

INTR

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

PurposeTo provide human judgment input for computer algorithm development, this study examines the relative importance of source, content, and style cues in predicting the truthfulness ratings of two common types of online health information: news stories and institutional news releases.Design/methodology/approachThis study employed a multi-method approach using (1) a manual content analysis of 400 randomly selected online health news stories and news releases from HealthNewsReview.org and (2) an online experiment comparing truthfulness ratings between news stories and news releases.FindingsUsing content analysis, the authors found significant differences in the importance of source, content, and style cues in predicting truthfulness ratings of news stories and news releases: source and style cues predicted truthfulness ratings better than content cues. In the experiment, source credibility was the most important predictor of truthfulness ratings, controlling for individual differences. Experts have higher ratings for news media stories than news releases and lay people have no differences in rating the two news formats.Practical implicationsIt is important for health educators to curb consumer trust in misinformation and increase health information literacy. Rather than solely reporting scientific evidence, educators should focus on addressing cues people use to judge the truthfulness of health information.Originality/valueThis is the first study that directly compares human judgments of health news stories and news releases. Using both the breadth of content analysis and experimental causality testing, the authors evaluate the relative importance of source, content, and style cues in predicting truthfulness ratings.

show abstract

Section: Literature Reviewmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…News bias occurs very often on social media which is becoming increasingly problematic due to polarization (Prasetya and Murata, 2018) and pervasive ambiguity (Wenzel, 2019). This bias tends to lean in favor of the right, especially on platforms like Facebook (Damstra et al, 2021).…”

Section: Content Cuesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Implications of source, content, and style cues in curbing health misinformation and fake news

Ha,

Rahut,

Ofori

et al. 2023

INTR

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…As noted by Guess et al (2018), selective exposure to agreeable information allows for the possibility of exposure to both misinformation and disinformation. The kind of ideological bias likely to be found in news that is highly agreeable to partisans has been found to be one of the defining features of disinformation in a systematic review of the existing literature on disinformation (Damstra et al, 2021). As many scholars have established, mis- and disinformation are distinct concepts—misinformation characterizes content that is inaccurate without willfully harmful intent, while disinformation involves information that is intentionally misleading and designed to credibly cause harm in some way (Freelon & Wells, 2020).…”

Section: Literature Reviewmentioning

confidence: 99%

Partisan selective exposure and politically polarized attitudes toward disruptive protest

Lorenzano¹,

Moon

Borah

2023

Communication and the Public

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

While many Americans support the right to protest, increased animus has recently been directed at protesters themselves, often along partisan ideological lines and in partisan media content. However, there is a lack of research on attitudes toward treatment of protesters in the context of political violence and selective exposure to likeminded partisan sources of information. This study finds that a significant, positive relationship exists between self-identified Republicans and thinking that disruptive protesters deserve to be “roughed up,” while identifying as a Democrat produced a negative relationship in the same circumstance. Likewise, consumption of conservative partisan media was found to have a positive relationship with the idea of “roughing up” disruptive protesters, while liberal partisan media was found to have a negative relationship. However, selective exposure to attitude-affirming media only had a significant impact among self-identified Democrats, in the sense that Democrats’ selective exposure to left-leaning media was associated with less support for “roughing up” disruptive protesters.

show abstract

“…Fake news has been widely discussed publicly and in academic settings as one of the most serious challenges in today's information landscape (Damstra et al, 2021;Kim et al, 2021). However, it has been argued that the term 'fake news' does not sufficiently capture the complexity of current information pollution, and some authors have proposed the terms as 'information disorder' or 'information crisis' to characterise the situation (LSE Truth, Trust and Technology Commission, 2018;Wardle & Derakhshan, 2017).…”

Section: Critical Digital Media Literacy In the Age Of Information Di...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Young People as Empirical Experts of Participatory Research in the Age of Information Disorders

Spurava

Kotilainen

2022

seminar

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The main question discussed in this article is: how can young people, as empirical experts, inform the methodologies in studying digital media literacy? Discussion is rooted in a study based on youth consultation organized in Finland in May 2021. The aim of the youth consultation was to help researchers for the European ySKILLS project from three countries (Belgium, Czech Republic, Finland) plan a study on disinformation, conducted later in autumn of the same year. The youth consultation consisted of two parts: an online survey as a qualitative research tool, and an open semi-structured discussion. Based on the results of the youth consultation, it was possible to give recommendations for researchers of the ySKILLS research project. Most useful was information related to youth (not) understanding of algorithm-based communication of social media, which led to suggestions for an additional research question for the ySKILLS study. Overall, the analysis of the results of the youth consultation suggested that young people could act as empirical experts and advisors, especially in the planning stage of research on the uses of digital media and skills on digital media literacy. The next steps could be their consultation in a methodological sense, on how to study their age groups and what topics should be studied.

show abstract

What Does Fake Look Like? A Review of the Literature on Intentional Deception in the News and on Social Media

Cited by 25 publications

References 71 publications

Implications of source, content, and style cues in curbing health misinformation and fake news

Implications of source, content, and style cues in curbing health misinformation and fake news

Partisan selective exposure and politically polarized attitudes toward disruptive protest

Young People as Empirical Experts of Participatory Research in the Age of Information Disorders

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About