What explains the continuing decline in labor force activity among young black men?1

Holzer, Harry J.; Offner, Paul; Sorensen, Elaine

doi:10.1080/0023656042000329864

Cited by 31 publications

(23 citation statements)

References 3 publications

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“…Unemployment rates among African Americans in the U.S. are high (15.5%) relative to Hispanics (11.3%), Whites (7.9%), and Asians (7.1%; Bureau of Statistics, 2011). Potential contributors to unemployment among African Americans include inadequate education, racial/ethnic discrimination, reduced availability of “blue collar” jobs, increasing prevalence of criminal histories (i.e., time incarcerated reduces work experience; limited post-incarceration employment opportunities), greater income availability through criminal activity, and the high financial burden of child support relative to earnings (Holzer et al, 2005). Strategies such as increasing funding for education and job training may reduce unemployment rates and ultimately improve health (Tarlov, 1999).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Strategies such as increasing funding for education and job training may reduce unemployment rates and ultimately improve health (Tarlov, 1999). Other novel strategies, such as increasing work experience and suspending child support orders during incarceration, might specifically reduce unemployment among African American males (Holzer et al, 2005). The American Recovery and Reinvestment Act of 2009 (One Hundred Eleventh Congress of the United States of America, 2009) includes provisions for job creation through government sponsored projects, job training, and increased funding for unemployment benefits.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Individual- and area-level unemployment influence smoking cessation among African Americans participating in a randomized clinical trial

Kendzor

Reitzel

Mazas

et al. 2012

Social Science & Medicine

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African Americans suffer disproportionately from the adverse health consequences of smoking, and also report substantially lower socioeconomic status than Whites and other racial/ethnic groups in the U.S. Although socioeconomic disadvantage is known to have a negative influence on smoking cessation rates and overall health, little is known about the influence of socioeconomic status on smoking cessation specifically among African Americans. Thus, the purpose of the current study was to characterize the impact of several individual- and area-level indicators of socioeconomic status on smoking cessation among African Americans. Data were collected as part of a smoking cessation intervention study for African American smokers (N = 379) recruited from the Houston, Texas, metropolitan area, who participated in the study between 2005 and 2007. The separate and combined influences of individual-level (insurance status, unemployment, education, and income) and area-level (neighborhood unemployment, education, income, and poverty) indicators of socioeconomic status on continuous smoking abstinence were examined across time intervals using continuation ratio logit modeling. Individual-level analyses indicated that unemployment was significantly associated with reduced odds of smoking abstinence, while higher income was associated with greater odds of abstinence. However, only unemployment remained a significant predictor of abstinence when unemployment and income were included in the model together. Area-level analyses indicated that greater neighborhood unemployment and poverty were associated with reduced odds of smoking abstinence, while greater neighborhood education was associated with higher odds of abstinence. However, only neighborhood unemployment remained significantly associated with abstinence status when individual-level income and unemployment were included in the model. Overall, findings suggest that individual- and area-level unemployment have a negative impact on smoking cessation among African Americans. Addressing unemployment through public policy and within smoking cessation interventions, and providing smoking cessation treatment for the unemployed may have a beneficial impact on tobacco-related health disparities.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Individual- and area-level unemployment influence smoking cessation among African Americans participating in a randomized clinical trial

Kendzor

Reitzel

Mazas

et al. 2012

Social Science & Medicine

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“…The employment and labor market participation of young men at lower educational levels has declined significantly during the past 3 decades, particularly among African American men (Blank, 2009;Sum, Khatiwada, McLaughlin, & Palma, 2011). Holzer and colleagues (Holzer, 2009;Holzer, Offner, & Sorensen, 2005a, 2005b contend that part of this decline may be explained by increased child support enforcement. In theory, NCPs could respond to child support enforcement by working less because the cost of leisure would be lower (a substitution effect), or they could increase their work effort to compensate for lost earnings (an income effect).…”

Section: Pathways Through Which Child Support Debt Could Hinder Patermentioning

confidence: 99%

Indebted Relationships: Child Support Arrears and Nonresident Fathers' Involvement With Children

Turner

Waller

2016

J of Marriage and Family

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Low‐income, nonresident fathers owe a disproportionate amount of child support arrears, creating potential challenges for these fathers and their family relationships. This article uses mediation analysis to provide new evidence about how and why child support debt is related to paternal involvement using information from 1,017 nonresident fathers in the Fragile Families Study. Results show that child support arrears are associated with nonresident fathers having significantly less contact with children, being less engaged with them in daily activities, and providing less frequent in‐kind support 9 years after the birth. This negative association between child support debt and father involvement is most strongly and consistently mediated by the quality of the relationship between the biological parents. Although child support policies are designed to facilitate fathers' economic and emotional support, these results suggest that the accruement of child support debt may serve as an important barrier to father involvement.

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“…A father's incarceration is associated with diminished relationship quality and with higher rates of relationship dissolution with mothers, as well as with lessened contact and involvement with children (Harper and McLanahan, 2002; Johnson and Waldfogel, 2004; Waller and Swisher, 2006; Western, Lopoo, and McLanahan, 2004). Moreover, many ex‐felons face required alimony payments that create legal barriers to visitation (Edelman, Holzer, and Offner, 2006; Holzer, Offner, and Sorensen, 2005). Research also has suggested that access to children is dependent on mothers who facilitate visits and other contacts with children (Arditti, Smock, and Parkaman, 2005; Nurse, 2004; Roy and Dyson, 2005; Waller and Swisher, 2006).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Associations of Fathers' History of Incarceration With Sons' Delinquency and Arrest Among Black, White, and Hispanic Males in the United States*

2011

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What explains the continuing decline in labor force activity among young black men?1

Cited by 31 publications

References 3 publications

Individual- and area-level unemployment influence smoking cessation among African Americans participating in a randomized clinical trial

Individual- and area-level unemployment influence smoking cessation among African Americans participating in a randomized clinical trial

Indebted Relationships: Child Support Arrears and Nonresident Fathers' Involvement With Children

Associations of Fathers' History of Incarceration With Sons' Delinquency and Arrest Among Black, White, and Hispanic Males in the United States*

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