What is the SMARTest way to breed plants and increase agrobiodiversity?

Brumlop, Sarah; Reichenbecher, Wolfram; Tappeser, Beatrix; Finckh, Maria R.

doi:10.1007/s10681-013-0960-9

Cited by 29 publications

(37 citation statements)

References 58 publications

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“…Beneficial effects of crop genetic diversity on productivity, population recovery from disturbance, and other ecological processes have been reviewed by Finckh and Wolfe [7] and Dawson and Goldringer [8] and agrobiodiversity has been placed very high in the list of potential solutions to the growing demand for food. Since the early 20 th century trends in agriculture, plant breeding and breeding legislation have tended towards an increased use of genetically uniform varieties [9][10][11][12]. As a consequence most crop varieties have been selected to cope well in monocultural high-input growing systems [13,14].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evolutionary Effects on Morphology and Agronomic Performance of Three Winter Wheat Composite Cross Populations Maintained for Six Years under Organic and Conventional Conditions

Brumlop

Pfeiffer

Finckh

2017

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Three winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) composite cross populations (CCPs) that had been maintained in repeated parallel populations under organic and conventional conditions from the F 5 to the F 10 were compared in a two-year replicated field trial under organic conditions. The populations were compared to each other, to a mixture of the parental varieties used to establish the CCPs, and to three winter wheat varieties currently popular in organic farming. Foot and foliar diseases, straw length, ear length, yield parameters, and baking quality parameters were assessed. The overall performance of the CCPs differed clearly from each other due to differences in their parental genetics and not because of their conventional or organic history. The CCPs with high yielding background (YCCPs) also yielded higher than the CCPs with a high baking quality background (QCCPs; in the absence of extreme winter stress). The QCCPs performed equally well in comparison to the reference varieties, which were also of high baking quality. Compared to the parental mixture the CCPs proved to be highly resilient, recovering much better from winter kill in winter 2011/12. Nevertheless, they were out yielded by the references in that year. No such differences were seen in 2013, indicating that the CCPs are comparable with modern cultivars in yielding ability under organic conditions. We conclude that-especially when focusing on traits that are not directly influenced by natural selection (e.g. quality traits)-the choice of parents to establish a CCP is crucial. In the case of the QCCPs the establishment of a reliable high-quality population worked very well and quality traits were successfully maintained over time. However, in the YCCPs lack of winter hardiness in the YCCP parents also became clearly visible under relevant winter conditions. Keywords: baking quality; climate change; dynamic management; evolutionary breeding; heterogeneous populations; resilience; sustainable agriculture; Triticum aestivum;

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evolutionary Effects on Morphology and Agronomic Performance of Three Winter Wheat Composite Cross Populations Maintained for Six Years under Organic and Conventional Conditions

Brumlop

Pfeiffer

Finckh

2017

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“…Dynamic management ensures that genetic conservation is not "static" and that the crop species are able to maintain genetic variability within and between them (Brumlop et al, 2013). It ensures also that the populations are able to adapt and evolve to changing selective pressures in different environments and provides enough genetic diversity so that advantageous genetic combinations can arise, including novel and beneficial alleles through mutation and migration (Paillard et al, 2000;Goldringer et al, 2001Goldringer et al, , 2006Porcher et al, 2004;Phillips and Wolfe, 2005;Stange et al, 2006;Döring et al, 2011).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evolutionary changes of weed competitive traits in winter wheat composite cross populations in organic and conventional farming systems

Bertholdsson

Weedon

Brumlop

et al. 2016

European Journal of Agronomy

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a b s t r a c tSeedling root and shoot growth in hydroponics and allelopathic activity using a bioassay have been studied in very diverse populations of winter wheat grown under either organic or conventional conditions for a number of generations and subjected only to natural selection. The study was conducted on seeds from generation 6 (F 6 ) and 11 (F 11 ) from three composite cross populations (CCPs) produced by the Organic Research Centre in the UK. Since the F 5 the populations were maintained under organic and conventional conditions in Germany. Two parallel populations were created from each CC, resulting in a total of six organic and six conventional CCPs. The sets of parallel populations showed similar evolutionary trends indicating that the observed changes are related to differences in management rather than chance. Seedling root length and seedling root and shoot weight in the F 11 of the organically-managed CCPs were significantly greater than in the organic F 6 CCPs. In the conventionally-managed CCPs no such differences were observed. Both organic and conventional CCPs produced for quality showed higher early root and shoot growth than those produced for yield pointing to genetic differences among population types and highlighting the importance of early vigour for NUE. There were no significant differences in the allelopathic activity of the populations and between generations. The Shannon-Weaver diversity indices were similar for the studied traits in organic and conventional CCPs and hence no major changes in diversity had occurred between F 6 to F 11 . As changes in plant height were small and weed pressure in the fields low it is concluded that the observed differences are more related to NUE, rather than intra-specific competition for light or the direct effect of increased weed pressure in the organic system.

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“…The selection of wild plant species is a starting point for the development of new crops [6,28], can strengthen the role of custodian farmers in conservation efforts [76], and enhance participatory agronomic research and plant breeding [77]. The development of novel crops from wild species can also contribute to global efforts to preserve and enhance agrobiodiversity [6,10,78]. The development of indigenous forage legumes has been suggested as a solution for animal feed deficits [35].…”

Section: The Value Of Wild Plants Including Weedsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mitigating dry season food insecurity in the subtropics by prospecting drought-tolerant, nitrogen-fixing weeds

Small

Raizada

2017

Agric & Food Secur

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Subtropical regions experience an extended dry season, which inhibits the growth of most crops, and as a result there is seasonal scarcity of food and fodder. Globally, almost 600 million smallholders and landless laborers experience hunger in the dry season. This situation is expected to worsen, as water shortages are expected to impact up to twothirds of humanity between 2010 and 2050. A second challenge is that 45% of the world's agricultural land is sloped and vulnerable to intense surface runoff during the transition from the dry to rainy season (e.g., monsoon). Erosion, along with nutrient mining, contributes to a net loss of soil fertility. Drought-tolerant legumes can mitigate these challenges. Legumes form symbiotic relationships with microbes that can sequester atmospheric nitrogen gas as ammonia, a process termed biological nitrogen fixation (BNF). As a result of BNF, legumes are rich in nitrogen, which is a building block of edible protein and organic nitrogen fertilizer to replenish soils. Leguminous cover crops can be used as food/feed, and as a tool to reduce the need for synthetic fertilizers, prevent erosion, and suppress undesired weeds that grow on bare, dry soil that otherwise cause female drudgery. Unfortunately, cover cropping is not a traditional practice in most subtropical regions and BNF is inhibited by drought (dry season). Subsistence farmers around the world would benefit from nutritious and drought-tolerant cover crops that can sustain nitrogen fixation in the dry season. Here, we propose that neglected crops in addition to native and naturalized plants that persist in the dry season, often considered to be weeds, may be utilized for the development of new cover crops. A detailed framework is presented for the identification, characterization, and selection of such species. As a case study, the framework was applied to the mid-hills of Nepal. A literature review, stakeholder interviews, and field site visits with farmers informed the selection of 78 candidate dry season leguminous cover crop species. It is hoped that this innovative approach will serve as a model to help alleviate food/feed shortages and improve the livelihoods of subsistence farmers in the global subtropics.

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What is the SMARTest way to breed plants and increase agrobiodiversity?

Cited by 29 publications

References 58 publications

Evolutionary Effects on Morphology and Agronomic Performance of Three Winter Wheat Composite Cross Populations Maintained for Six Years under Organic and Conventional Conditions

Evolutionary Effects on Morphology and Agronomic Performance of Three Winter Wheat Composite Cross Populations Maintained for Six Years under Organic and Conventional Conditions

Evolutionary changes of weed competitive traits in winter wheat composite cross populations in organic and conventional farming systems

Mitigating dry season food insecurity in the subtropics by prospecting drought-tolerant, nitrogen-fixing weeds

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