What percentage of innovations are patented? empirical estimates for European firms

Arundel, Anthony; Kabla, Isabelle

doi:10.1016/s0048-7333(98)00033-x

Cited by 773 publications

(419 citation statements)

References 13 publications

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“…Regression results by (Arundel and Kabla, 1998) that control for the effect of industry sector show that patent propensity rates increase with firm size and are higher among firms that find patents to be an important method for preventing competitors from copying both product and process innovations. (Arundel, 2001) found that firms of all sizes find secrecy to be a more effective mean of appropriation than patents but small firms value secrecy more than large firms.…”

Section: Small and Medium Size Firmsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…A joint survey by MERIT in the Netherlands and SESSI in France surveyed patenting by Europe 604 largest firms in 1993 (Arundel and Kabla, 1998). Their results show that as in the US, patents are of greatest value in a few sectors such as pharmaceuticals, chemicals and machinery where the cost of copying an innovation is considerably less than the initial cost of invention.…”

Section: Patenting and Ip Rights Use In European Countries 22mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Intellectual property rights business management practices: A survey of the literature

2006

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Section: Small and Medium Size Firmsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Patenting and Ip Rights Use In European Countries 22mentioning

confidence: 99%

Intellectual property rights business management practices: A survey of the literature

2006

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“…Again, small firms and service firms are less likely to patent as compared to other firms (Arundel and Kabla 1998;Kleinknecht 1996), which poses difficulties when using this indicator.…”

Section: Firm Innovativenessmentioning

confidence: 99%

Localized inter-organizational linkages, agglomeration effects, and the innovative performance of firms

Knoben

2008

Ann Reg Sci

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This paper focuses on the questions to what extent agglomeration effects and localized inter-organizational linkages influence different types of innovative performance of firms. Doing so adds to the relatively scarce firm-level literature regarding the role of regional environment for the innovative performance of firms by disentangling the often conflated effects of agglomeration effects and localized interorganizational linkages. Based on data from the Dutch automation services, we show that agglomeration economies and localized inter-organizational linkages have different effects on different types of innovative performance of firms. JEL Classification

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“…The industrial dimension also plays a crucial role in empirical research because of its effect on the innovation measure. Commonly used proxies for innovations (most importantly patents) capture innovations to a varying extent for manufacturing industries (see, e.g., Arundel and Kabla, 1998). Hence, when using patents as a measure of innovations the observed variance in regional innovativeness can be biased by the industrial structure of the a region.…”

Section: Industry Specificitymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In the following ELEC serves as an example for the construction of industry specific measures. Though this does not apply to all industries, in the case of ELEC, patenting represents an important protection mechanism for property rights (Arundel and Kabla, 1998). It ensures that the output measure captures most innovations in this industry.…”

Section: Empirical Data On Patents and Randd Employeesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Measuring Regional Innovativeness - A Methodological Discussion and an Application to One German Industry

Broekel¹,

Brenner

2007

SSRN Journal

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Standard-Nutzungsbedingungen:Die Dokumente auf EconStor dürfen zu eigenen wissenschaftlichen Zwecken und zum Privatgebrauch gespeichert und kopiert werden.Sie dürfen die Dokumente nicht für öffentliche oder kommerzielle Zwecke vervielfältigen, öffentlich ausstellen, öffentlich zugänglich machen, vertreiben oder anderweitig nutzen.Sofern die Verfasser die Dokumente unter Open-Content-Lizenzen (insbesondere CC-Lizenzen) zur Verfügung gestellt haben sollten, gelten abweichend von diesen Nutzungsbedingungen die in der dort genannten Lizenz gewährten Nutzungsrechte. Tom Broekel * Terms of use: Documents in Thomas BrennerMax Planck Institute of Economics, Jena, Germany Abstract The regional or national innovation performance has been repeatedly measured in the literature; but it has so far not been discussed what this means, especially in relation to a region. What is the contribution of a region to innovation output? The usual approaches implicitly assume that higher innovation outputs per inhabitant, employee, or R&D employee can be assigned to a region. We argue that more insights are gained if we distinguish between various mechanisms that influence the innovation activities in a region. Different analyses need to be conducted, using different variables and including different local factors. Furthermore, we see no justification for using a linear dependence of innovation activity on the number of inhabitants or employees as a benchmark for performance. We use a method that takes into account these arguments and apply it to the Electrics & Electronics industry in Germany.JEL-classification: R11, R15, O31

show abstract

What percentage of innovations are patented? empirical estimates for European firms

Cited by 773 publications

References 13 publications

Intellectual property rights business management practices: A survey of the literature

Intellectual property rights business management practices: A survey of the literature

Localized inter-organizational linkages, agglomeration effects, and the innovative performance of firms

Measuring Regional Innovativeness - A Methodological Discussion and an Application to One German Industry

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